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Development of , an Epinephrine Nasal Spray, for Severe Allergic Reactions.
Pharmaceutics
June 2024
ARS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
Epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) are used for the treatment of severe allergic reactions in a community setting; however, their utility is limited by low prescription fulfillment rates, failure to carry, and failure to use due to fear of needles. Given that delayed administration of epinephrine is associated with increased morbidity/mortality, there has been a growing interest in developing needle-free, easy-to-use delivery devices. (epinephrine nasal spray) consists of three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved components: epinephrine, Intravail A3 (absorption enhancer), and a Unit Dose Spray (UDS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cerebral and cardiac effects of Norepinephrine in an experimental cardiac arrest model.
Resusc Plus
June 2024
Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Introduction: Epinephrine has been the main drug recommended for decades during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). But epinephrine's ß-adrenergic effects might increase myocardial oxygen consumption and may cause arrythmias after ROSC. Norepinephrine has a weaker ß-adrenergic effect and could be useful during CPR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpinephrine May Contribute to the Persistence of Traumatic Memories in a Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Animal Model.
Front Mol Neurosci
October 2020
Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.
The importance of catecholamines in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still needs to be explored. We aimed to evaluate epinephrine's (EPI) causal role and molecular mechanism for the persistence of PTSD traumatic memories. Wild-type (WT) and EPI-deficient mice (phenylethanolamine--methyltransferase-knockout mice, Pnmt-KO) were induced with PTSD and behavioral tests were performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfter a century, Epinephrine's role in cardiac arrest resuscitation remains controversial.
Am J Emerg Med
January 2021
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Epinephrine is recommended in contemporary educational efforts by the American Heart Association (AHA) as central to adult Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). However, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2019 recommendations update describes large evidentiary gaps for epinephrine use in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, highlighting that clinical and experimental evidence do not support the current AHA recommendations.
Objective: This controversies article was written as a response to updated AHA and ILCOR adult ACLS recommendations in late 2019.
Beta-blockade for the treatment of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Resuscitation
January 2020
Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) refers to cases that do not respond to traditional Advanced Cardiac Life Support measures and are associated with significantly lower survival rates. Beta-blockade may improve outcomes by protecting against the deleterious effects associated with epinephrine's beta-receptor effect.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether beta-blockade compared with control improved outcomes among patients in cardiac arrest due to refractory VF/VT.
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