AI Article Synopsis
- Chlormequat chloride is a plant growth regulator used in agriculture, which shows different effects on rat embryo growth depending on the exposure method and concentration.
- In vitro studies found that high concentrations (50 μg/ml) inhibited embryo growth, while in vivo studies at lower doses (75 mg/kg.bw) promoted growth.
- Chlormequat chloride increased levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), suggesting its role in enhancing embryonic growth in both lab and living organisms.
Article Abstract
Chlormequat chloride, a plant growth regulator, is widely applied in agriculture because it can promote sturdier growth of the crops. In this research, we found that rat embryo growth on GD11 was inhibited in vitro at 50 μg/ml but promoted in vivo at 75 mg/kg.bw by maternal oral exposure. Therefore, the concentrations of chlormequat chloride in the sera of the pregnant rats on gestation day (GD)11 were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) test to be 1.94 ± 0.023 μg/ml, 3.84 ± 0.080 μg/ml, and 7.08 ± 0.11 μg/ml, respectively, when the pregnant rats were orally exposed to chlormequat chloride at 75, 137.5, and 200 mg/kg.bw. Hence, we performed WEC tests again and confirmed that the rat embryo growth in vitro was promoted by chlormequat chloride at 5 μg/mL. The embryonic growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were increased by chlormequat chloride both in vitro and in vivo compared with the control ones. We concluded that chlormequat chloride could elevate GH and IGF-1 levels in embryos and promote embryonic growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2019.152326 | DOI Listing |
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