Both spore and vegetative forms of species have been used as probiotics, and they have high stability to the surrounding atmospheric conditions such as heat, gastric conditions, and moisture. The commercial probiotic strains in use are , , , , , , and . These strains have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production properties. However, probiotics can also produce toxins and biogenic amines and transfer antibiotic resistance genes; therefore, their safety is a concern. Studies on the microbiome using probiotic strains are limited in humans. Most microbiome research has been conducted in chicken, mouse, and pig. Some probiotics are used as fermentation starters in plant and soybean and dietary supplement of baking foods as a probiotic carrier. This review summarizes the characterization of species as probiotics for human use and their safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6811671 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00691-9 | DOI Listing |
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