Introduction: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. Few studies in low and low-middle income countries have estimated the prevalence of CKD. We aimed to estimate prevalence and factors associated with CKD among medical inpatients at the largest referral hospital in Kenya.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among medical inpatients at the Kenyatta National Hospital. We used systematic sampling and collected demographic information, behavioural risk factors, medical history, underlying conditions, laboratory and imaging workup using a structured questionnaire. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ml/min/1.73m classified into 5 stages; G1 (≥ 90), G2 (60-89), G3a (45-59), G3b (30-44), G4 (15-29) and G5 (<15, or treated by dialysis/renal transplant). Ethical approval was obtained from Kenyatta National Hospital-University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee (KNH-UoN ERC), approval number P510/09/2017. We estimated prevalence of CKD and used logistic regression to determine factors independently associated with CKD diagnosis.
Results: We interviewed 306 inpatients; median age 40.0 years (IQR 24.0), 162 (52.9%) were male, 155 (50.7%) rural residents. CKD prevalence was 118 patients (38.6%, 95% CI 33.3-44.1); median age 42.5 years (IQR 28.0), 74 (62.7%) were male, 64 (54.2%) rural residents. Respondents with CKD were older than those without (difference 4.4 years, 95% CI 3.7-8.4 years, P = 0.032). Fifty-six (47.5%) of the patients had either stage G1 or G2, 17 (14.4%) had end-stage renal disease; 64 (54.2%) had haemoglobin below 10g/dl while 33 (28.0%) had sodium levels below 135 mmol/l. ). History of unexplained anaemia (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02-3.19), proteinuria (aOR 5.16, 95% CI 2.09-12.74), hematuria (aOR 7.68, 95% CI 2.37-24.86); hypertension (aOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.53-4.80) and herbal medications use (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.07-3.64) were independently associated with CKD.
Conclusion: Burden of CKD was high among this inpatient population. Haematuria and proteinuria can aid CKD diagnosis. Public awareness on health hazards of herbal medication use is necessary.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.321.18114 | DOI Listing |
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Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Office of Graduate Medical Education, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and UC Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Commun Biol
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School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) with multiple types of viruses are common in infants and children. This study was conducted to assess the difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infection using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The overall taxonomic alpha diversity did not differ by the types of infected virus.
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1. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2. Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular and Aging Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia..
Background: Central obesity increases the risk of developing poor outcomes of COVID-19. The pro-inflammatory state and antibody dysfunction are thought to contribute to poor outcomes; however, the evidence is unclear.
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Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
To explore the changes and significance of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with Belimumab. The clinical data from patients with moderate to severe disease activity SLE who received oral stable doses of glucocorticoids (≤10 mg/d) and/or immunosuppressants for more than 3 months at the outpatient or inpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to November, 2023 were retrospectively collected. All patients were treated with 10 mg/kg intravenous infusion of Belimumab.
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