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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492705 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20190265 | DOI Listing |
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State-of-the-Art Liver Cancer Organoids: Modeling Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity for Personalized Treatment.
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Liver cancer poses a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Notably, the limited success of current therapies in patients with primary liver cancers (PLCs) may be attributed to the high heterogeneity of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCAs). This heterogeneity evolves over time as tumor-initiating stem cells, or cancer stem cells (CSCs), undergo (epi)genetic alterations or encounter microenvironmental changes within the tumor microenvironment.
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If a shortened lifespan is evolutionarily advantageous, it becomes more likely that nature will strive to change it accordingly, affecting how we understand aging. Premature mortality because of aging would seem detrimental to the individual, but under what circumstances can it be of value? Based on a relative incremental increase in fitness, simulations were performed to reveal the benefit of death. This modification allows for continuous evolution in the model and establishes an optimal lifespan even under challenging conditions.
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