Background: Mammary cancer is a common disease affecting female dogs, where approximately 50% of the cases are malignant. There is a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell-like features within the tumour microenvironment, which can form in vitro spheres, cell structures that grow in anchor-free conditions. This cell population shows resistance to conventional antitumor treatments explaining in part the recurrence of some type of cancers. It has been previously reported that spheres derived from CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells exhibit several stemness features. Melatonin has shown antitumor effects on cancer mammary cells; nevertheless, its effects have been poorly evaluated on canine mammary cancer stem-like cells. In this regard, it has described that melatonin decreases the expression of OCT-4 in CMT-U2229 mammary cancer cells, a transcription factor that participates in the modulation of self-renewal and drug resistance in cancer stem-like cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of melatonin on viability and migration of canine mammary carcinoma CF41.Mg-spheres, and CF41.Mg-parental cells. CF41.Mg cells were grown in DMEM high-glucose medium containing 10% bovine foetal serum. CF41.Mg-spheres were cultured in ultra-low attachment plates with serum-free DMEM/F12 containing several growth factors. Cell viability (MTS reduction) and migration (transwell) assays were conducted in presence of melatonin (0.01, 0.1 or 1 mM).
Results: Melatonin decreased cell viability at 1 mM (P < 0.05), with a significant reduction in spheres compared to parental cells at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05). Cell migration was inhibited in response to non-cytotoxic concentration of melatonin (0.1 mM) (P < 0.05) in spheres and monolayer of cells, no significant differences were detected between both cell subtypes.
Conclusions: These results indicate that melatonin reduces viability and migration of CF41.Mg cells, where spheres exhibit greater sensitivity to the hormone. Thus, melatonin represents a valuable potential agent against mammary cancer cells, especially cancer stem-like cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2142-z | DOI Listing |
BMC Cancer
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Likewise, canine mammary tumors (CMT) represent the most common cancer in intact female dogs and develop in the majority spontaneously. Similarities exist in clinical presentation, histopathology, biomarkers, and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotech Histochem
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are known to play an active role in mixed mammary tumors and are found in dogs as well as in humans. The study aimed to assess the morphologic features of epithelial and mesenchymal cells and MECs and investigate their roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in different tumor types in canine mammary tumors. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 165 specimens from benign mixed tumors (BMT), carcinosarcomas, and simple carcinomas (SC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
December 2024
Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 121 Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil.
The present study investigates VKINE, a bioactive proteolytic fragment of the proteoglycan VCAN, as a novel and significant element in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Although VKINE has been recognized for its immunomodulatory potential in certain tumor types, its impact on ECM degradation and prognostic implications remains poorly understood. : This study aimed to evaluate VCAN proteolysis and its association with ADAMTS enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in spontaneous canine mammary gland cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Q
December 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Canine mammary tumor (CMT) is a prevalent and destructive disease often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of effective biomarkers for early detection and prognostic prediction of CMT. To improve CMT detection, we established a multiplexed immunoassay using a fluorescence bead-based suspension array system to measure serum levels of autoantibodies against four CMT-associated proteins (AGR2, HAPLN1, IGFBP5, and TYMS) in CMT patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Sci
November 2024
Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Alterations of the gene and the resulting changes in the BRAF protein are one example of molecular cancer profiling in humans and dogs. We tested 227 samples of canine carcinomas from different anatomical sites (anal sac ( = 23), intestine ( = 21), liver ( = 21), lungs ( = 19), mammary gland ( = 20), nasal cavity ( = 21), oral epithelium ( = 18), ovary ( = 20), prostate ( = 21), thyroid gland ( = 21), urinary bladder ( = 22)) with two commercially available primary anti-BRAF antibodies (VE1 Ventana, VE1 Abcam). The immunohistochemical results were confirmed with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).
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