This Neuro Forum presents insights from recent literature on the neurophysiology and pathoneurophysiology of reactive (speed of action stopping) and proactive (slowing of action in anticipation of stopping) response inhibition. We discuss recent studies using novel brain stimulation and spectroscopy techniques that reveal the role of cortico-subcortical networks and the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and how these mechanisms are influenced by healthy aging. Furthermore, we also briefly discuss computational modeling approaches, which assist in establishing meaningful differences in response inhibition.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00572.2019 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Fecal metabolomic analysis of the role of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in the therapeutic mechanism of Timosaponin AIII in Sjögren's syndrome.
Clin Rheumatol
January 2025
Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Introduction/objectives: Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory and difficult-to-treat autoimmune disease. Timosaponin AIII (TAIII), a plant-derived steroidal saponin, effectively inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored the mechanisms of action of TAIII in SS treatment by studying gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using fecal metabolomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic potential of Bacillus-derived lipopeptides in controlling enteropathogens and modulating immune responses to mitigate post-weaning diarrhea in swine.
Vet Res Commun
January 2025
Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta N 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto City, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a major concern for pig producers, as stress and early weaning increase susceptibility to enteropathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-7 secreted by keratinocytes induces melanogenesis via c-kit/MAPK signaling pathway in Melan-a melanocytes.
Arch Dermatol Res
January 2025
Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
Abnormal melanin synthesis within melanocytes can result in pigmentary skin disorders. Although pigmentation alterations associated with inflammation are frequently observed, the precise reason for this clinical observation is still unknown. More specifically, although many cytokines are known to be critical for inflammatory skin processes, it is unclear how they affect epidermal melanocyte function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluoxetine exerts anti-proliferative effect in human epidermal keratinocytes.
Arch Dermatol Res
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
We have recently shown that fluoxetine (FX) suppressed polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced inflammatory response and endothelin release in human epidermal keratinocytes, via the indirect inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-pathway. Because PI3K-signaling is a positive regulator of the proliferation, in the current, highly focused follow-up study, we assessed the effects of FX (14 µM) on the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes. We found that FX exerted anti-proliferative actions in 2D cultures (HaCaT and primary human epidermal keratinocytes [NHEKs]; 48- and 72-h; CyQUANT-assay) as well as in 3D reconstructed epidermal equivalents (48-h; Ki-67 immunohistochemistry).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisentangling the neural underpinnings of response inhibition in disruptive behavior and co-occurring ADHD.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!