https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=31662381&retmode=xml&tool=Litmetric&email=readroberts32@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09 316623812020101920240325
2044-60559102019Oct28BMJ openBMJ OpenWhole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: the Families Reporting Every Step to Health pilot randomised controlled trial protocol.e030902e030902e03090210.1136/bmjopen-2019-030902Family-based physical activity (PA) interventions present a promising avenue to promote children's activity; however, high-quality experimental research is lacking. This paper describes the protocol for the FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health) pilot trial, a child-led family-based PA intervention delivered online.FRESH is a three-armed, parallel-group, randomised controlled pilot trial using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio with follow-up assessments at 8 and 52 weeks postbaseline. Families will be eligible if a minimum of one child in school Years 3-6 (aged 7-11 years) and at least one adult responsible for that child are willing to participate. Family members can take part in the intervention irrespective of their participation in the accompanying evaluation and vice versa.Following baseline assessment, families will be randomly allocated to one of three arms: (1) FRESH; (2) pedometer-only or (3) no-intervention control. All family members in the pedometer-only and FRESH arms receive pedometers and generic PA promotion information. FRESH families additionally receive access to the intervention website; allowing participants to select step challenges to 'travel' to target cities around the world, log steps and track progress as they virtually globetrot. Control families will receive no treatment. All family members will be eligible to participate in the evaluation with two follow-ups (8 and 52 weeks). Physical (eg, fitness and blood pressure), psychosocial (eg, social support) and behavioural (eg, objectively measured family PA) measures will be collected at each time point. At 8-week follow-up, a mixed methods process evaluation will be conducted (questionnaires and family focus groups) assessing acceptability of the intervention and evaluation. FRESH families' website engagement will also be explored.This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee for the School of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and to participating families.ISRCTN12789422.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.GuaglianoJustin MJM0000-0002-4450-5700MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK justin.guagliano@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk.BrownHelen ElizabethHEMRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.CoombesEmmaENorwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.HainesElizabeth SESMRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.HughesClaireCCentre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.JonesAndrew PAPNorwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.MortonKatie LKLMRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.van SluijsEstherEMRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.engISRCTNISRCTN12789422WT_Wellcome TrustUnited KingdomMC_UU_12015/7MRC_Medical Research CouncilUnited KingdomMR/K023187/1MRC_Medical Research CouncilUnited KingdomPHR/15/01/19DH_Department of HealthUnited KingdomClinical Trial ProtocolJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20191028
EnglandBMJ Open1015528742044-6055IMAdultChildHumansBlood PressureExerciseFamilyFitness TrackersHealth PromotionInternet-Based InterventionPhysical FitnessPilot ProjectsSocial SupportRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicyouthco-participationco-physical activitydadsfathersmothersmumsparentCompeting interests: None declared.
20191031602019103160202010216020191028epublish31662381PMC683070210.1136/bmjopen-2019-030902bmjopen-2019-030902Janssen I, Leblanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010;7:40–16. 10.1186/1479-5868-7-4010.1186/1479-5868-7-40PMC288531220459784Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et al. . Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016;41:S197–239. 10.1139/apnm-2015-066310.1139/apnm-2015-066327306431Griffiths LJ, Cortina-Borja M, Sera F, et al. . How active are our children? findings from the millennium cohort study. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002893 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-00289310.1136/bmjopen-2013-002893PMC375205323965931Brooke HL, Atkin AJ, Corder K, et al. . Changes in time-segment specific physical activity between ages 10 and 14 years: a longitudinal observational study. J Sci Med Sport 2016;19:29–34. 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.10.00310.1016/j.jsams.2014.10.003PMC467817125459234Corder K, Craggs C, Jones AP, et al. . Predictors of change differ for moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity and for weekdays and weekends: a longitudinal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013;10 10.1186/1479-5868-10-6910.1186/1479-5868-10-69PMC367209223714688Corder K, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, et al. . Change in objectively measured physical activity during the transition to adolescence. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:730–6. 10.1136/bjsports-2013-09319010.1136/bjsports-2013-093190PMC445371424273308Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, et al. . Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet 2012;380:247–57. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-110.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-122818937Kaushal N, Rhodes RE. The home physical environment and its relationship with physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review. Prev Med 2014;67:221–37. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.02610.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.02625084562Maitland C, Stratton G, Foster S, et al. . A place for play? The influence of the home physical environment on children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013;10 10.1186/1479-5868-10-9910.1186/1479-5868-10-99PMC376508123958282Ventura AK, Birch LL. Does parenting affect children's eating and weight status? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008;5 10.1186/1479-5868-5-1510.1186/1479-5868-5-15PMC227650618346282Morgan P, Jones R, Collins C, et al. . Practicalities and research considerations for conducting childhood obesity prevention interventions with families. Children 2016;3:24–40. 10.3390/children304002410.3390/children3040024PMC518479927834820Patrick H, Hennessy E, McSpadden K, et al. . Parenting styles and practices in children's obesogenic behaviors: scientific gaps and future research directions. Childhood Obesity 2013;9:S-73–S-86. 10.1089/chi.2013.003910.1089/chi.2013.0039PMC374629023944926O'Connor TM, Jago R, Baranowski T. Engaging parents to increase youth physical activity a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2009;37:141–9. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.02010.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.02019589450Brown HE, Atkin AJ, Panter J, et al. . Family-Based interventions to increase physical activity in children: a systematic review, meta-analysis and realist synthesis. Obes Rev 2016;17:345–60. 10.1111/obr.1236210.1111/obr.12362PMC481969126756281Marsh S, Foley LS, Wilks DC, et al. . Family-Based interventions for reducing sedentary time in youth: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2014;15:117–33. 10.1111/obr.1210510.1111/obr.1210524102891van Sluijs EMF, McMinn A. Preventing obesity in primary schoolchildren. BMJ 2010;340:819 10.1136/bmj.c81910.1136/bmj.c81920179127Kipping RR, Howe LD, Jago R, et al. . Effect of intervention aimed at increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary behaviour, and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children: active for life year 5 (AFLY5) school based cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2014;348:g3256–361. 10.1136/bmj.g325610.1136/bmj.g3256PMC403550324865166van Sluijs EMF, Kriemler S, McMinn AM. The effect of community and family interventions on young people's physical activity levels: a review of reviews and updated systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:914–22. 10.1136/bjsports-2011-09018710.1136/bjsports-2011-090187PMC373630921836175Rhodes RE, Lim C. Promoting parent and child physical activity together: elicitation of potential intervention targets and preferences. Health Educ Behav 2018;45:112–23. 10.1177/109019811770426610.1177/109019811770426628415853Shonkoff JP, Fisher PA. Rethinking evidence-based practice and two-generation programs to create the future of early childhood policy. Dev Psychopathol 2013;25:1635–53. 10.1017/S095457941300081310.1017/S0954579413000813PMC474558724342860Guagliano JM, Brown HE, Coombes E, et al. . The development and feasibility of a randomised family-based physical activity promotion intervention: the families reporting every step to health (fresh) study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019;5 10.1186/s40814-019-0408-710.1186/s40814-019-0408-7PMC636873730788135Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, et al. . Spirit 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 2013;158:200–7. 10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-0058310.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583PMC511412323295957Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, et al. . Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ 2014;348:g1687 10.1136/bmj.g168710.1136/bmj.g168724609605 Norfolk County Council Data and information about Norfolk's population, 2015. Available: http://www.norfolkinsight.org.uk [Accessed 8 Jan 2019]. Suffolk Observatory Population estimates, 2018. Available: https://www.suffolkobservatory.info/population/report/view/0c18eadb6fb544c1bee07bc75618ec49/E10000029/ [Accessed 8 Jan 2019]. Norfolk County Council Norfolk rural development strategy 2013-2020, 2013. Available: https://www.norfolk.gov.uk/-/media/norfolk/downloads/what-we-doand-how-we-work/policy-performance-and-partnerships/policies-andstrategies/business/norfolk-rural-development-strategy-2013-20.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan 2019]. Suffolk County Council Suffolk demographic profile, 2015. Available: https://www.suffolk.gov.uk/assets/council-and-democracy/our-aims-and-transformation-programmes/Suffolk-Diversity-Profile.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan 2019]. Office for National Statistics 2011 rural/urban classification, 2011. Available: https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/geographicalproducts/ruralurbanclassifications/2011ruralurbanclassification [Accessed 8 Jan 2019].Craggs C, van Sluijs EMF, Corder K, et al. . Do children's individual correlates of physical activity differ by home setting? Health Place 2011;17:1105–12. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.05.01310.1016/j.healthplace.2011.05.01321795097Norfolk NHS. Annual report by the director of public health, 2009.Brown HE, Schiff A, van Sluijs EMF. Engaging families in physical activity research: a family-based focus group study. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1178–86. 10.1186/s12889-015-2497-410.1186/s12889-015-2497-4PMC466068526607429Stokols D. Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot 1996;10:282–98. 10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.28210.4278/0890-1171-10.4.28210159709Christensen P. The health-promoting family: a conceptual framework for future research. Soc Sci Med 2004;59:377–87. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.02110.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.02115110427Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 1985.Morgan PJ, Young MD, Barnes AT, et al. . Engaging Fathers to Increase Physical Activity in Girls: The “Dads And Daughters Exercising and Empowered” (DADEE) Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Behavl Med 2019;53:39–52. 10.1093/abm/kay01510.1093/abm/kay01529648571Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, et al. . Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci 2008;26:1557–65. 10.1080/0264041080233419610.1080/0264041080233419618949660Crouter SE, Horton M, Bassett DR. Validity of ActiGraph child-specific equations during various physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;45:1403–9. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318285f03b10.1249/MSS.0b013e318285f03bPMC368691423439413Trost SG, Loprinzi PD, Moore R, et al. . Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:1360–8. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318206476e10.1249/MSS.0b013e318206476e21131873Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, et al. . Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40:181–8. 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b310.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b318091006Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, et al. . Levels and patterns of objectively-measured physical activity volume and intensity distribution in UK adolescents: the roots study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014;11 10.1186/1479-5868-11-2310.1186/1479-5868-11-23PMC393692324564949Pan H, Cole TJ. LMSgrowth program version 2.77. London, England: Child Growth Foundation, 2012.Wareham NJ, Jakes RW, Rennie KL, et al. . Validity and repeatability of the EPIC-Norfolk physical activity questionnaire. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:168–74. 10.1093/ije/31.1.16810.1093/ije/31.1.16811914316Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, Wright A, et al. . Is it possible to assess free-living physical activity and energy expenditure in young people by self-report? Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:862–70. 10.3945/ajcn.2008.2673910.3945/ajcn.2008.2673919144732Lampard AM, Nishi A, Baskin ML, et al. . The activity support scale for multiple groups (ACTS-MG): Child-reported physical activity parenting in African American and non-Hispanic white families. Behav Med 2016;42:112–9. 10.1080/08964289.2014.97975710.1080/08964289.2014.979757PMC441275225350515van Sluijs EMF, Skidmore PML, Mwanza K, et al. . Physical activity and dietary behaviour in a population-based sample of British 10-year old children: the speedy study (sport, physical activity and eating behaviour: environmental determinants in young people). BMC Public Health 2008;8:388 10.1186/1471-2458-8-38810.1186/1471-2458-8-388PMC260546319014571EuroQol Group EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990;16:199–208. 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-910.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-910109801Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy 1996;37:53–72. 10.1016/0168-8510(96)00822-610.1016/0168-8510(96)00822-610158943Stevens KJ. Working with children to develop dimensions for a preference-based, generic, pediatric, health-related quality-of-life measure. Qual Health Res 2010;20:340–51. 10.1177/104973230935832810.1177/104973230935832820054040Stevens K. Assessing the performance of a new generic measure of health-related quality of life for children and refining it for use in health state valuation. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2011;9:157–69. 10.2165/11587350-000000000-0000010.2165/11587350-000000000-0000021506622Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, McMinn AM, et al. . Perception versus reality awareness of physical activity levels of British children. Am J Prev Med 2010;38:1–8. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.02510.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.025PMC374629720117551Godino JG, Watkinson C, Corder K, et al. . Awareness of physical activity in healthy middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study of associations with sociodemographic, biological, behavioural, and psychological factors. BMC Public Health 2014;14:421 10.1186/1471-2458-14-42110.1186/1471-2458-14-421PMC401208624886612D’Haese S, Gheysen F, De Bourdeaudhuij I, et al. . The moderating effect of psychosocial factors in the relation between neighborhood walkability and children's physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016;13 10.1186/s12966-016-0452-010.1186/s12966-016-0452-0PMC514890527938390Motl RW, Dishman RK, Trost SG, et al. . Factorial validity and invariance of questionnaires measuring social-cognitive determinants of physical activity among adolescent girls. Prev Med 2000;31:584–94. 10.1006/pmed.2000.073510.1006/pmed.2000.073511071840Markland D, Tobin V. A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of Amotivation. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2004;26:191–6. 10.1123/jsep.26.2.19110.1123/jsep.26.2.191Sebire SJ, Jago R, Fox KR, et al. . Testing a self-determination theory model of children’s physical activity motivation: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013;10 10.1186/1479-5868-10-11110.1186/1479-5868-10-111PMC385253724067078Grotevant HD, Cooper CR. Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Dev 1985;56:415–28. 10.2307/112973010.2307/11297303987416Bengston PL, Grotevant HD. The individuality and connectedness Q‐sort: a measure for assessing individuality and connectedness in dyadic relationships. Pers Relationship 1999;6:213–25. 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00188.x10.1111/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00188.xBeech BM, Klesges RC, Kumanyika SK, et al. . Child- and parent-targeted interventions: the Memphis gems pilot study. Ethn Dis 2003;13:S40–53.12713210Rhodes RE, Naylor P-J, McKay HA. Pilot study of a family physical activity planning intervention among parents and their children. J Behav Med 2010;33:91–100. 10.1007/s10865-009-9237-010.1007/s10865-009-9237-019937106Wilson ECF. A practical guide to value of information analysis. Pharmacoeconomics 2015;33:105–21. 10.1007/s40273-014-0219-x10.1007/s40273-014-0219-x25336432Côté J, Salmela JH, Baria A, et al. . Organizing and interpreting unstructured qualitative data. Sport Psychol 1993;7:127–37. 10.1123/tsp.7.2.12710.1123/tsp.7.2.127 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Promoting physical activity for children and young people: evidence update, 2015. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph17/evidence/ph17-promoting-physical-activity-forchildren-and-young-people-evidence-update2 [Accessed 8 Jan 2019].