Neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal congenital heart surgery are significantly influenced by brain injury detectable by MRI imaging techniques. This brain injury can occur in the prenatal and postnatal periods even before cardiac surgery. Given the significant incidence of new MRI brain injury after cardiac surgery, much work is yet to be done on strategies to detect, prevent, and treat brain injury in the neonatal period in order to optimize longer-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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