SALL4 Gene Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Objectives: SALL4 gene was aberrantly expressed in many leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas. Its expression may be a useful marker to predict the diagnosis and the risk stratification of patients with AML.

Methods: This study aimed to characterize the expression pattern of SALL4 gene in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression level of the gene in peripheral blood of 52 Egyptian adult AML patients and 10 healthy control cases. Our study was done in the National Cancer Institute during the period of time between December 2014 and June 2015.

Results: The observed data revealed that none of the studied controls expressed SALL4 > 1.0 RQ and there was a highly statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding SALL4 gene expression where all cases showed higher expression of SALL4 than controls with p value <0.001.

Conclusion: In AML, SALL4 is one of few genes that bridge the self-renewal properties of ESCs, normal HSCs and LSCs. Their expression is easily determined by real time PCR. They may be useful markers to predict prognosis and help to stratify patients into risk adapted groups. Further studies including increasing patient numbers are essential to understand the relations between SALL4 gene expression and its prognostic impact.