Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Published: June 2020
There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a "universal" vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344 | DOI Listing |
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
January 2025
Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, after five waves of COVID-19 and 1 year after introduction of vaccination to better understand the true extent of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of the Republika Srpska and role of vaccination in achieving herd immunity.
Methods: The population-based study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 in a group of 4463 individuals in the Republika Srpska. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined in serum specimens using the Wantai total antibody ELISA assay.
NPJ Vaccines
January 2025
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity can be compromised with repeated vaccination. We assessed immunological markers in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from six public hospitals around Australia during 2020-2021. Sera were collected pre-vaccination and ~14 and ~180 days post-vaccination and assessed in haemagglutination inhibition assay against egg-grown vaccine and equivalent cell-grown viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
January 2025
Economics Division, Babson College, 231 Forest Street, Wellesley, MA, United States.
Background: This study investigated how a person's influenza-related experience, together with demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors, was associated with their current vaccination decisions.
Methods: The analysis used ten panels of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2006 to 2016. Linear and logistic probability models were estimated to predict influenza vaccination using a person's vaccination status in the previous year and history of influenza infection, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic variables, general health status, and healthcare access.
J Virol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Unlabelled: Respiratory and encephalitic virus infections represent a significant risk to public health globally. Detailed investigations of immunological responses and disease outcomes during sequential virus infections are rare. Here, we define the impact of influenza virus infection on a subsequent virus encephalitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Infections by and influenza viruses are vaccine-preventable diseases causing great morbidity and mortality. We evaluated pneumococcal and influenza vaccination practices during pre-international travel health consultations.
Methods: We evaluated data on pretravel visits over a 10-year period (1 July 2012 through 31 June 2022) from 31 sites in Global TravEpiNet (GTEN), a consortium of US healthcare facilities providing pretravel health consultations.
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