https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=31645944&retmode=xml&tool=Litmetric&email=readroberts32@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09 3164594420200930
2662-681062019Horticulture researchHortic ResPhERF2, an ethylene-responsive element binding factor, plays an essential role in waterlogging tolerance of petunia.83838310.1038/s41438-019-0165-zEthylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) are involved in regulation of various stress responses in plants, but their biological functions in waterlogging stress are largely unclear. In this study, we identified a petunia (Petunia × hybrida) ERF gene, PhERF2, that was significantly induced by waterlogging in wild-type (WT). To study the regulatory role of PhERF2 in waterlogging responses, transgenic petunia plants with RNAi silencing and overexpression of PhERF2 were generated. Compared with WT plants, PhERF2 silencing compromised the tolerance of petunia seedlings to waterlogging, shown as 96% mortality after 4 days waterlogging and 14 days recovery, while overexpression of PhERF2 improved the survival of seedlings subjected to waterlogging. PhERF2-RNAi lines exhibited earlier and more severe leaf chlorosis and necrosis than WT, whereas plants overexpressing PhERF2 showed promoted growth vigor under waterlogging. Chlorophyll content was dramatically lower in PhERF2-silenced plants than WT or overexpression plants. Typical characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD), DNA condensation, and moon-shaped nuclei were only observed in PhERF2-overexpressing lines but not in PhERF2-RNAi or control lines. Furthermore, transcript abundances of the alcoholic fermentation-related genes ADH1-1, ADH1-2, ADH1-3, PDC1, and PDC2 were reduced in PhERF2-silenced plants, but increased in PhERF2-overexpressing plants following exposure to 12-h waterlogging. In contrast, expression of the lactate fermentation-related gene LDH was up-regulated in PhERF2-silenced plants, but down-regulated in its overexpressing plants. Moreover, PhERF2 was observed to directly bind to the ADH1-2 promoter bearing ATCTA motifs. Our results demonstrate that PhERF2 contributes to petunia waterlogging tolerance through modulation of PCD and alcoholic fermentation system.© The Author(s) 2019.YinDongmeiD1College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418 China.0000 0004 1755 0738grid.419102.fSunDaoyangD2College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.0000 0004 1760 4150grid.144022.1HanZhuqingZ1College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418 China.0000 0004 1755 0738grid.419102.fNiDianD1College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418 China.0000 0004 1755 0738grid.419102.fNorrisAylaA3Crops Pathology & Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616 USA.0000 0004 0404 0958grid.463419.dJiangCai-ZhongCZ0000-0002-5972-79633Crops Pathology & Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616 USA.0000 0004 0404 0958grid.463419.d4Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bengJournal Article20190701
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