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Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database: Crime videos and mugshots for eyewitness identification research.
Behav Res Methods
January 2025
School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK.
There is a long history of experimental research on eyewitness identification, and this typically involves staging a crime for participants to witness and then testing their memory of the "culprit" by administering a lineup of mugshots. We created an Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database, which includes crime videos and mugshot images of 231 identities. We arranged the mugshots into 6-, 9-, and 12-member lineups, and then we tested the stimuli in an eyewitness experiment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Case of Hemifacial Spasm Caused by Penetration of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery between the Facial Nerve and the Nervus Intermedius.
NMC Case Rep J
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder that causes involuntary movements of the ipsilateral facial muscles because of vascular compression of the facial nerve. Microvascular decompression (MVD), a surgical procedure to detach the culprit vessel from the nerve is believed to be the most effective treatment for HFS. Nevertheless, in the rare case in which the vessel penetrates the nerve, positioning the vessel sufficiently far from the nerve is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic changes of abnormal muscle response during decompression procedures in double compression-type hemifacial spasm.
Surg Neurol Int
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Background: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurovascular movement caused by vascular compression of the facial nerve in its root exit zone (REZ). Cases of HFS caused by double compression (DC) in both REZ and the cisternal portion (CP) have been sporadically reported. The nature of DC-type HFS is still not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe contribution of facial recognition technology to wrongful arrests and trauma.
Psychol Trauma
November 2024
Department of Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York.
Objective: When a crime is captured on video, law enforcement agencies increasingly have used facial recognition technology (FRT) to generate suspects to investigate. However, there are increasing examples of people who have been wrongfully arrested based because of the inaccurate results returned from these artificial intelligence-assisted searches of facial databases, despite very low error rates in the accuracy of these systems.
Method: We discuss the reliability of the evidence provided by a match returned by FRT, propose a framework for identifying potential problems with the use of FRT in criminal investigations, and review the research on the general trauma that comes from justice system involvement, trauma that is compounded by wrongful arrest and conviction.
Towards biocultural realism: Connecting conservation with historical ecology and common sense. A European perspective.
Ambio
November 2024
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
In this perspective, we present and discuss four major causes of the worldwide nature conservation failure: 1) ideologies based on nature-culture dualism, 2) the bias prioritising forests in conservation, 3) the illusory objectiveness of selected biological indicators, and 4) the mismanagement of rural agricultural landscapes. All of these relate to ignorance of historical ecology and neglect of the role past plays in shaping landscapes and fostering biodiversity. These led to a false anthropology focussed on the broader human economy (including agriculture) as the absolute culprit of biodiversity loss.
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