Salinization is one of the most important abiotic stressors for crop growth and productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as the major food source around the world, is very sensitive to salt, especially at seedling stage. In order to examine how salt stress influences the metabolism of rice, we compared the levels of a range of sugars and organic acids in three rice cultivars with different tolerance under salt stress over time. According to the morphological result, the shoot length and root fresh weight were only affected by salinity in the salt sensitive cultivar (Nipponbare). The responses of metabolites to salinity were time-, tissue- and cultivar-dependent. Shikimate and quinate, involved in the shikimate pathway, were dramatically decreased in the leaves of all three cultivars, which was regarded as a response to salinity. Many sugars in the leaves of the salt tolerant cultivar (Dendang and Fatmawati) showed earlier increases to salt stress compared to Nipponbare leaves. Moreover, only in the leaves of tolerant cultivars (Dendang and Fatimawati), malate was significantly decreased while sucrose was significantly increased. In Dendang roots, mannitol levels were significantly higher than in Nipponbare roots after 14 days of salt treatment, which may be attributed to its higher salt tolerance. It is proposed that these responses in the more tolerant cultivars are involved in their resistance to high salt stress which may lay the foundation for breeding tolerant rice cultivars.
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced non-selective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress.
Four salt-tolerant and aromatics degrading strains used in this study were isolated from polluted technogenic soil on the territory of the Verkhnekamsk potash deposit (Russia). The strains were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore-forming irregular rods, exhibiting a marked rod-coccus growth cycle. They contained lysine-based peptidoglycan, teichulosonic acid and poly(glycosyl phosphate) polymers in the cell walls.
Maize ( L.) is a major food and feed crop and an important raw material for energy, chemicals, and livestock. The NF-Y family of transcription factors in maize plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant development and response to environmental stress.
State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
The heterogeneity of soil salinity is a critical attribute of saline agricultural environments, particularly for the physiological adaptability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. However, the mechanisms by which cotton plants acclimate to heterogenous salinity remain poorly understood.
