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Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria and archaea is responsible for global emissions of nitrous oxide directly and indirectly through provision of nitrite and, after further oxidation, nitrate to denitrifiers. Their contributions to increasing N O emissions are greatest in terrestrial environments, due to the dramatic and continuing increases in use of ammonia-based fertilizers, which have been driven by requirement for increased food production, but which also provide a source of energy for ammonia oxidizers (AO), leading to an imbalance in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle. Direct N O production by AO results from several metabolic processes, sometimes combined with abiotic reactions. Physiological characteristics, including mechanisms for N O production, vary within and between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and comammox bacteria and N O yield of AOB is higher than in the other two groups. There is also strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB with respect to environmental conditions in natural and engineered environments. In particular, AOA are favored by low soil pH and AOA and AOB are, respectively, favored by low rates of ammonium supply, equivalent to application of slow-release fertilizer, or high rates of supply, equivalent to addition of high concentrations of inorganic ammonium or urea. These differences between AOA and AOB provide the potential for better fertilization strategies that could both increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N O emissions from agricultural soils. This article reviews research on the biochemistry, physiology and ecology of AO and discusses the consequences for AO communities subjected to different agricultural practices and the ways in which this knowledge, coupled with improved methods for characterizing communities, might lead to improved fertilizer use efficiency and mitigation of N O emissions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14877 | DOI Listing |
Water Res
December 2024
College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
Ammonia oxidizers are key players in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. However, in critical ecological zones such as estuaries, especially those affected by widespread anthropogenic dam control, our understanding of their occurrence, ecological performance, and survival strategies remains elusive. Here, we sampled sediments along the Haihe River-Estuary continuum in China, controlled by the Haihe Tidal Gate, and employed a combination of biochemical and metagenomic approaches to investigate the abundance, activity, and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
Biofilms are indispensable ecological habitats for microbes that have garnered global attention and play a potential role in influencing the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen. However, the biogeochemical significance of biofilms and the mechanisms by which they regulate nitrogen cycling remain elusive. In this study, we utilized DNA-stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) labelling techniques in conjunction with metagenomics to reveal a nitrifying ecological niche in biofilms taken from the Yangtze Estuary, with those from sediment and water samples for comparison.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
December 2024
Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
As a newly discovered group of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira has been widely found in various oligotrophic ecosystems. However, their activity and ecological niche is still unclear in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). This study aimed to compare the abundance and activity of comammox Nitrospira, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and elucidate metabolic versatility of comammox Nitrospira in RAS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
December 2024
Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, Formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is a crucial step in nitrogen cycling. The distribution patterns of key ammonia oxidizers, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), and comammox (complete ammonia oxidation) Nitrospira, provide vital insights for nitrogen cycling in natural ecosystems. Currently, the distribution and contribution of AOA, AOB and comammox Nitrospira in freshwater ecosystems remain largely underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Technol
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China.
Biochar is widely used in agricultural soils, but its effects with nitrogen and phosphorus amendments on petroleum-contaminated soil are unclear. This study investigated biochar-assisted biostimulation in a microcosm experiment, focusing on hydrocarbon degradation, nitrogen cycling, and soil properties. Compared to the biostimulation alone (BS), biochar combined biostimulation (BSC) significantly enhanced the abundances of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders including Lysobacter and Brevundimonas, which led to a 17% increase in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation, with 9% and 39% enhancements in saturated hydrocarbon degradation and aromatic hydrocarbon fraction degradation, respectively.
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