A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 3100

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Xenopsin, a new subtype of opsin photopigment, challenges previous beliefs about the evolution of opsins and photoreceptors, suggesting it diverged from ciliary opsins long before bilaterians existed.
  • - A study in flatworms revealed that xenopsin is found in both ciliary cells of larval eyes and extraocular cells in adult brains, with extraocular cells containing many cilia in a structure called a phasosome.
  • - Functional tests in human cells indicate that xenopsin mainly drives phototransduction by connecting to Gαi, showing similarities to c-opsin and revealing a new type of opsin-expressing cell comparable to rods in vertebrates.

Article Abstract

Animals detect light using opsin photopigments. Xenopsin, a recently classified subtype of opsin, challenges our views on opsin and photoreceptor evolution. Originally thought to belong to the Gαi-coupled ciliary opsins, xenopsins are now understood to have diverged from ciliary opsins in pre-bilaterian times, but little is known about the cells that deploy these proteins, or if they form a photopigment and drive phototransduction. We characterized xenopsin in a flatworm, and found it expressed in ciliary cells of eyes in the larva, and in extraocular cells around the brain in the adult. These extraocular cells house hundreds of cilia in an intra-cellular vacuole (phaosome). Functional assays in human cells show xenopsin drives phototransduction primarily by coupling to Gαi. These findings highlight similarities between xenopsin and c-opsin and reveal a novel type of opsin-expressing cell that, like jawed vertebrate rods, encloses the ciliary membrane within their own plasma membrane.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6805122PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45465DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

ciliary opsins
8
extraocular cells
8
xenopsin
5
cells
5
extraocular rod-like
4
rod-like photoreceptors
4
photoreceptors flatworm
4
flatworm express
4
express xenopsin
4
xenopsin photopigment
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!