The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in chronic liver disease. It has been found that both and its culture supernatant have the potential to mitigate alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have immunosuppressive effects with few side effects. The synergistic effect between culture supernatant and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) deserves further observation. In this study, a mouse model of chronic alcoholic hepatitis was established by eight weeks of Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet feeding; and LGG-s, BMMSCs or a combination of the two were used to explore a new therapeutic method for alcoholic liver disease and to study the mechanism. The results showed that the combined LGG-s and BMMSC treatment might have a synergistic effect and could improve the symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis by regulating inflammation, autophagy and lymphocyte subsets through the PI3k/NF-kB and PI3K/mTOR pathways. With the treatment, the autophagy rate accelerated, and alcohol-induced natural killer B (NKB) cell and follicular helper T (TFH) cell numbers decreased. These findings suggest that the development of alcoholic hepatitis may occur via PI3K/NF-kB and PI3K/mTOR pathway overactivation as well as through NKB and TFH cell imbalances. Moreover, LGG-s and BMMSCs can regulate these factors and alleviate the disease.
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