AI Article Synopsis
- The study of actin filaments is complicated due to the widespread effects of disrupting the actin cytoskeleton, but tropomyosin isoforms provide a useful means to investigate these functions.
- Actin filaments in animal cells often form co-polymers with specific tropomyosin isoforms, which influence the filaments' functional characteristics and roles.
- Genetic manipulation of tropomyosins has revealed that these isoforms have distinct, non-redundant physiological roles in key processes like development, cell migration, and the functioning of specialized tissues, as well as implications for human diseases.
Article Abstract
The physiological function of actin filaments is challenging to dissect because of the pleiotropic impact of global disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Tropomyosin isoforms have provided a unique opportunity to address this issue. A substantial fraction of actin filaments in animal cells consist of co-polymers of actin with specific tropomyosin isoforms which determine the functional capacity of the filament. Genetic manipulation of the tropomyosins has revealed isoform specific roles and identified the physiological function of the different actin filament types based on their tropomyosin isoform composition. Surprisingly, there is remarkably little redundancy between the tropomyosins resulting in highly penetrant impacts of both ectopic overexpression and knockout of isoforms. The physiological roles of the tropomyosins cover a broad range from development and morphogenesis to cell migration and specialised tissue function and human diseases.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.004 | DOI Listing |
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