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Synovial fistulae associated with large defects in capsulo-synovial envelope have been reported rarely, mostly after surgeries or infections. Unlike post arthroscopy synovial fistulae, which may be treated with immobilisation with or without direct repair, surgical obliteration of defect and track is essential for healing of such synovial fistulae. Technical aspect of obliteration emphasized in literature is watertight tensionless closure of the defect.

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The purposes were to calculate total voxel volume of the entire capsulo-synovial enhanced portion on contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI in adhesive capsulitis, and to investigate its association with glenohumeral joint volume and passive range of motions (ROMs), which are a well-known diagnostic reference standard and clinical hallmark of this condition. Medical records of 169 consecutive patients who underwent ultrasound-guided intraarticular injection with adhesive capsulitis and CE-MRI to exclude other mimicking shoulder diseases were retrospectively reviewed. To calculate total voxel volume of entire capsulo-synovial enhanced portion on CE-MRI, voxel-based 3-dimensional (3D) segmentation was obtained semi-automatically using Fiji, an open-source image processing software.

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Background: No study has investigated the relationship between the findings of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and the joint volume of the shoulder, which has been considered the standard reference for diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis (AC).

Objective: To investigate the relationships among the capsulo-synovial thickness measured by CE-MRI, joint volume, and passive range of motion (ROM) in patients with AC.

Design: This was a retrospective study.

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Imaging of tophi with an extremity-dedicated MRI system.

Clin Exp Rheumatol

August 2011

Sezione di Diagnostica per Immagini, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, Italy.

Objectives: To describe the MRI features of gout tophi in the soft-tissues or joints of the limbs by low-field extremity-dedicated MRI.

Methods: Nine consecutive patients, 8M/1W, affected by chronic tophaceous gout were studied. Mean patients' age was 71.

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The "paraglider-wing" sign: an arthroscopic indicator of partial-thickness bursal-surface tears of the supraspinatus tendon.

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

June 2007

Cape Shoulder Institute, Suite no. 4, Medgroup Anlin House, 43 Bloulelie Crescent, Plattekloof, Panorama, Cape Town 7506, South Africa.

Partial-thickness bursal-surface tears of supraspinatus tendon may be missed on preoperative investigations and can be overlooked at surgery if not specifically sought. The authors describe an arthroscopic sign to detect these tears, when they involve more than half the tendon fibres, from the articular-side of the joint. The "paraglider-wing" sign, visualized during diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy, is demonstrated as an upward bulge of the capsulo-tendinous layer through the bursal-surface tear, under pressure of the inflow fluid.

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