Scardovia wiggsiae has recently been identified as a potential pathogen associated with dental caries. The aim of the present study was to detect and quantify S. wiggsiae from dental plaque samples of children suffering from severe early childhood caries and children who were caries free by employing a real time DNA polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) method. Dental plaque samples were collected from children suffering from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) (n = 30) and caries free children (CF) (n = 30) reporting to the out-patient clinics of the department of paediatric and preventive dentistry. Plaque samples from each group were subjected to real-time PCR, post DNA extraction. Both the groups showed the presence of the organism S. wiggsiae, however there was a significant difference in its quantification between groups, with the median number being 1.49 × 10 cells per ml in caries free samples compared to 1.40 × 10 cells per ml in S-ECC samples. S. wiggsiae were isolated from nearly all samples of children, both caries free and those suffering from S-ECC. However, their numbers differ drastically in both groups with the scales tipping towards the S-ECC group, proving their association with the disease process in a significant manner. The present study shows significant association of S. wiggsiae in severe early childhood caries.
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