The purpose of this investigation was to study cellular immunity to parotiditis and measles viruses in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Lymphocytic sensitization to parotiditis and measles viral antigens and insulin was determined by peripheral blood lymphocytic blast-transformation reaction (a morphological method for reaction assessment) In 10 patients with measles, 18 patients with epidemic parotiditis, 52 patients with DM (23 and 29 patients types 1 and 2 DM, respectively), and 46 apparently healthy individuals. The studies revealed lymphocytic sensitization to parotiditis and measles viral antigens and insulin in most patients in the acute phase of infection with a subsequent reduction in the intensity of proliferation until the point of complete cessation during 12 months. Unlike the controls in whom lymphocytic sensitization to the viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae was detected in 3 persons, prolonged antiviral cellular immunity was found in 17 of the 23 patients with type 1 DM and in 25 of the 29 patients with type 2 DM. Thus, prolonged cellular immunity to viral antigens (measles and/or parotiditis) Is associated with diabetes melhtus. The concordance of a lymphocytic response to viral antigens and insulin suggests that the viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae in some persons initiate a cascade of immune reactions leading to the development of diabetes, the tatter's type is determined by the nature of an immune system response to viral antigens and insulin.
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