Iodine deficiency, in addition to the development of an enlargement of the thyroid gland - goiter, leads to a number of other pathological conditions, which are commonly called iodine deficiency diseases. The spectrum of iodine deficiency diseases is wide and depends on the period of life when iodine deficiency affects the body. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and embryonic development leads to a high prevalence of spontaneous abortion, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy; high perinatal and infant mortality, congenital malformations, congenital hypothyroidism with a lag in physical and mental development. In childhood and adolescence, iodine deficiency is accompanied by an increase in the thyroid gland, in some cases with a violation or delay in physical, mental and sexual development. In the mature period, iodine deficiency is accompanied by varying degrees of thyroid enlargement. Cretinism in iodine-deficient areas occurs with a frequency of 1 to 10%.
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