Single gland excision for MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism.

Importance: Guidelines advocate subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX) with bilateral cervical thymectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). However, both procedures are associated with a significant risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare long-term results of either single gland excision (SGE, 1-2 glands), SPTX and TPTX for the treatment of MEN1-associated pHPT.

Design And Setting: Data of genetically confirmed MEN1 patients who underwent surgery for pHPT between 1987 and 2017 were retrieved from a prospective database and were retrospectively analysed.

Results: Eighty-nine MEN1 patients underwent either TPTX (n = 38, 42.7%), SPTX (n = 23, 25.8%) or SGE (n = 28, 31.5%). The rate of disease persistence after initial surgery was 2.6%, 0% and 14.2% in the TPTX, SPTX and SGE groups, respectively. After median follow-up of 112 (range 7-411) months, the rate of recurrent pHPT was significantly higher in the SGE group (n = 19, 21.3%) compared with the TPTX (n = 4, 4.4%, P = .001) and the SPTX (n = 9, 10.1%, P = .03) groups. Analysis of the recurrence-free time among the surgical groups revealed a significant difference (P = .036). The median time to recurrence was significantly shorter after SGE (101, range 3-301 months) than after SPTX (139, range 28-278 months, P = .018) and TPTX (204, range 75-396 months, P = .049). Twelve (32%) patients who underwent TPTX developed permanent hypoparathyroidism compared with only 4 (17%, P = .06) in the SPTX and 0 in the SGE group (P = .001).

Conclusion: Given the high rate of postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism after TPTX and SPTX, SGE is a valid option for the treatment of MEN1-associated pHPT.