In the central nervous system, neuronal processing relies on the precisely orchestrated formation of synapses during development. The first synapse of the visual system is a triad synapse, comprising photoreceptors, horizontal cells and bipolar cells. During the second postnatal week, the axon terminal processes of horizontal cells invaginate rod spherules, followed by rod bipolar cell dendrites. Both elements finally oppose the synaptic ribbon (the release site of glutamate). However, it has not been fully elucidated whether horizontal cells are essential for rod bipolar cell dendrites to find their way into the rod terminal. In the present study, we investigated this question by specifically ablating horizontal cells from the early postnatal mouse retina. We monitored the formation of the rod-to-rod bipolar cell synapse during retinal maturation until postnatal day 21. Based on quantitative electron microscopy, we found that without horizontal cells, the dendrites of rod bipolar cells never entered rod terminals. Furthermore, rods displayed significantly fewer and shorter presynaptic ribbons, suggesting that glutamate release is decreased, which coincided with significantly reduced expression of postsynaptic proteins (mGluR6, GPR179) in rod bipolar cells. Collectively, our findings uncover that horizontal cells are indeed necessary guideposts for rod bipolar cells. Whether horizontal cells release diffusible guidance cues or provide structural guidance by expressing specific cell adhesion molecules remains to be seen.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00423 | DOI Listing |
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to right heart failure, and mortality. The role of telomere length, a marker of biological aging, in PAH remains unclear. We utilized summary-level data from genome-wide association studies for various measures of telomere length and PAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
January 2025
Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; 1(st) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Recent research has shown that mtDNA-deficient cancer cells (ρ cells) acquire mitochondria from tumor stromal cells to restore respiration, facilitating tumor formation. We investigated the role of Miro1, an adaptor protein involved in movement of mitochondria along microtubules, in this phenomenon. Inducible Miro1 knockout (Miro1) mice markedly delayed tumor formation after grafting ρ cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Institute of Thin Film Physics and Applications, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Anisotropic carrier transport and deep-level defect of antimony selenosulfide (Sb(S,Se)) absorber are two vital auses restraining the photovoltaic performance of this emerging thin-film solar cell. Herein, chelate engineering is proposed to prepare high-quality Sb(S,Se) film based on hydrothermal deposition approach, which realizes desirable carrier transport and passivated defects by using tetrahedral PO ion in dibasic sodium phosphate (NaHPO, DSP). The PO Lewis structure, on one hand in the form of [(SbO)(PO)] chelate, can adsorb on the polar planes of cadmium sulfide (CdS) layer, promoting the heterogeneous nucleation, and on the other hand, the tetrahedral PO inhibits horizontal growth of (SbS(e)) ribbons due to size effects, thus achieving desirable [hk1] orientation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEMS Microbiol Lett
January 2025
Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, NY, USA.
Commensal Neisseria are members of a healthy human oropharyngeal microbiome; however, they also serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance for their pathogenic relatives. Despite their known importance as sources of novel genetic variation for pathogens, we still do not understand the full suite of resistance mutations commensal species can harbor. Here, we use in vitro selection to assess the mutations that emerge in response to ciprofloxacin selection in commensal Neisseria by passaging 4 replicates of 4 different species in the presence of a selective antibiotic gradient for 20 days; then categorized derived mutations with whole genome sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study characterizes a fluorescent -tdTomato neuronal reporter mouse line with strong labeling of axons throughout the optic nerve, of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) soma in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and of RGC dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The model facilitated assessment of RGC loss in models of degeneration and of RGC detection in mixed neural/glial cultures. The tdTomato signal showed strong overlap with >98% cells immunolabeled with RGC markers RBPMS or BRN3A, consistent with the ubiquitous presence of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGUT2, SLC17A6) in all RGC subtypes.
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