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Coupling Phase Behavior of Fatty Acid Containing Membranes to Membrane Bio-Mechanics. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Biological membranes adjust their fluidity for essential cellular functions, influenced by changes in fatty acid composition, impacting processes like endocytosis and membrane stability.
  • Recent findings suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids aid in membrane bending necessary for synaptic vesicle formation, highlighting the significant roles of fatty acids in membrane dynamics.
  • A new study employs X-ray diffraction and membrane fluctuation analysis to explore how different fatty acids interact with membranes, revealing that the impact on fluidity is complex and depends on the balance of curvature and molecular interactions rather than just the presence of fatty acids.

Article Abstract

Biological membranes constantly modulate their fluidity for proper functioning of the cell. Modulation of membrane properties via regulation of fatty acid composition has gained a renewed interest owing to its relevance in endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum membrane homeostasis, and adaptation mechanisms in the deep sea. Endowed with significant degrees of freedom, the presence of free fatty acids can alter the curvature of membranes which in turn can alter the response of curvature sensing proteins, thus defining adaptive ways to reconfigure membranes. Most significantly, recent experiments demonstrated that polyunsaturated lipids facilitate membrane bending and fission by endocytic proteins - the first step in the biogenesis of synaptic vesicles. Despite the vital roles of fatty acids, a systematic study relating the interactions between fatty acids and membrane and the consequent effect on the bio-mechanics of membranes under the influence of fatty acids has been sparse. Of specific interest is the vast disparity in the properties of and fatty acids, that only differ in the orientation of the double bond and yet have entirely unique and opposing chemical properties. Here we demonstrate a combined X-ray diffraction and membrane fluctuation analysis method to couple the structural properties to the biophysical properties of fatty acid-laden membranes to address current gaps in our understanding. By systematically doping pure dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) membranes with fatty acid and fatty acid we demonstrate that the presence of fatty acids doesn't always fluidize the membrane. Rather, an intricate balance between the curvature, molecular interactions, as well as the amount of specific fatty acid dictates the fluidity of membranes. Lower concentrations are dominated by the nature of interactions between the phospholipid and the fatty acids. fatty acid increases the rigidity while decreasing the area per lipid similar to the properties depicted by the addition of saturated fatty acids to lipidic membranes. fatty acid however displays the accepted view of having a fluidizing effect at small concentrations. At higher concentrations curvature frustration dominates, leading to increased rigidity irrespective of the type of fatty acid. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions as detailed in the manuscript.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6763698PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00187DOI Listing

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