The Quest for Cellular Markers of HIV Reservoirs: Any Color You Like.

Front Immunol

Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Published: October 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses HIV but cannot eliminate the virus, prompting urgent research towards finding a cure.
  • The primary challenge in curing HIV is the existence of latent viral reservoirs that allow the virus to "hide" and reactivate after therapy is discontinued.
  • Recent studies have proposed various cellular markers, including immune checkpoint molecules and CD32a, as potential indicators of HIV reservoirs, helping researchers target these hidden cells more effectively.

Article Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and improves immune function, but is unable to eradicate the virus. Therefore, development of an HIV cure has become one of the main priorities of the HIV research field. The main obstacle for an HIV cure is the formation of latent viral reservoirs, where the virus is able to "hide" despite decades of therapy, just to reignite active replication once therapy is stopped. Revealing HIV hiding places is thus central to HIV cure research, but the absence of markers of these reservoir cells greatly complicates the search for a cure. Identification of one or several marker(s) of latently infected cells would represent a significant step forward toward a better description of the cell types involved and improved understanding of HIV latency. Moreover, it could provide a "handle" for selective therapeutic targeting of the reservoirs. A number of cellular markers of HIV reservoir have recently been proposed, including immune checkpoint molecules, CD2, and CD30. CD32a is perhaps the most promising of HIV reservoir markers as it is reported to be associated with a very prominent enrichment in HIV DNA, although this finding has been challenged. In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge about HIV reservoir markers. We specifically highlight studies that characterized markers of persistently infected cells in the lymphoid tissues.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6763966PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02251DOI Listing

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