Lake Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada), the world's 12th largest lake by area, is host to yearly cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by and . cHABs in Lake Winnipeg are primarily a result of eutrophication but may be exacerbated by the recent introduction of dreissenid mussels. Through multiple methods to monitor the potential for toxin production in Lake Winnipeg in conjunction with environmental measures, this study defined the baseline composition of a Lake Winnipeg cHAB to measure potential changes because of dreissenid colonization. Surface water samples were collected in 2013 from 23 sites during summer and from 18 sites in fall. Genetic data and mass spectrometry cyanotoxin profiles identified microcystins (MC) as the most abundant cyanotoxin across all stations, with MC concentrations highest in the north basin. In the fall, genes were sequenced to determine which species had the potential to produce MCs, and 12 of the 18 sites were a mix of both and . Current blooms in Lake Winnipeg produce low levels of MCs, but the capacity to produce cyanotoxins is widespread across both basins. If dreissenid mussels continue to colonize Lake Winnipeg, a shift in physicochemical properties of the lake because of faster water column clearance rates may yield more toxic blooms potentially dominated by microcystin producers.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6832941PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100587DOI Listing

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