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Mechanisms underlying CSD initiation implicated by genetic mouse models of migraine.
J Headache Pain
January 2025
Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
A key unanswered question in migraine neurobiology concerns the mechanisms that make the brain of migraineurs susceptible to cortical spreading depression (CSD, a spreading depolarization that underlies migraine aura and may trigger the migraine pain mechanisms). Important insights into this question can be obtained by studying the mechanisms of facilitation of CSD initiation in genetic mouse models of the disease. These models, all generated from families with hereditary migraine, allow the investigation of the functional consequences of disease-causing mutations at the molecular, cellular, synaptic and neural circuit levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibition of diacylglycerol lipase α induced blood-brain barrier breach in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
J Physiol
January 2025
College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
The endocannabinoid system's significance in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity under physiological and pathological conditions is suggested by several reports, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this paper, we investigated the effects of depletion of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), one of the main endocannabinoids in the central nervous system, on BBB integrity using pharmacological tools. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) inhibitor LEI-106 (40 mg/kg, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA wireless optogenetic setup in freely moving mice for evaluation of cortical spreading depolarization in a chronic disease model.
J Neurosci Methods
March 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: Spreading depolarization (SD) is an electrophysiological phenomenon of massive neuronal depolarization that occurs in a multitude of brain injuries. Clinical studies and experimental data have linked the occurrence of SDs with secondary brain damage. However, there is a translational gap because of methodological limitations between clinical and experimental approaches focusing on short-term effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvances in Migraine Treatment: A Comprehensive Clinical Review.
Curr Protein Pept Sci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur- 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
Migraine is a neurological disease that, while not inherently causing "chronic headaches," can evolve into a chronic condition over time including major symptoms such as nausea, and light, sound, and allodynia, particularly in cases of frequent episodic migraine or due to factors such as medication overuse or inadequate management. This condition's complex pathophysiology makes treatment difficult. Genetics, trigeminovascular system activation, and cortical spreading depression are involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAura phenomenon: a proposal for an etiology-based clinical classification.
J Headache Pain
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Cesena, Italy.
Background: The term "aura" refers to a well-defined pattern of usually positive, progressive, and reversible neurological symptoms, with spreading depolarization as the underlying mechanism. While commonly associated with migraine, aura can also occur in other neurological disorders (i.e.
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