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Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy over Time: A Cohort and Cost-Effectiveness Study.
Pharmacoecon Open
November 2024
Nordic Institute of Health Economics, Gammel Munkegade 1, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Objective: To estimate the costs and cost-effectiveness of introducing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Denmark based on real-world evidence for the three treatment eras pre-HAART (1985-1995), early HAART (1996-2005), and late HAART (2006-2017).
Methods: We performed a cohort study using Danish clinical and administrative registries to estimate costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and life-years (LY) gained per person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in three treatment eras. The study utilized Markov modeling for a health economic evaluation, which summarized inputs from real-world evidence and estimated the cost-effectiveness in 2017 prices of the introduction of HAART in Denmark.
Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs (Pelophylax) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions.
Glob Chang Biol
March 2024
Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered >13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from >1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorkflow efficiencies for flexible cystoscopy: comparing single-use vs reusable cystoscopes.
BMC Urol
March 2024
Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Background: Flexible cystoscopy is a common procedure to diagnose and treat lower urinary tract conditions. Single-use cystoscopes have been introduced to eliminate time-consuming reprocessing and costly repairs. We compared the hands-on labor time differences between flexible reusable cystoscopes versus Ambu's aScope™ 4 Cysto (aS4C) at a large urology Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSafety, efficacy, and clinical utility of the 5.1-mm debridement catheter for treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (with video).
Gastrointest Endosc
August 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Background And Aims: Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is a recommended strategy for treatment of walled-off necrosis (WON). DEN uses a variety of devices including the EndoRotor (Interscope, Inc, Northbridge, Mass, USA) debridement catheter. Recently, a 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCosts involved in compliance with new endoscope reprocessing guidelines.
Clin Endosc
July 2024
Health Economics Outcomes Research and Market Access, Ambu USA, Columbia, MD, USA.
Background/aims: In March 2022, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) released the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/AAMI ST91:2021, their latest update on comprehensive, flexible, and semirigid endoscope reprocessing. These updated standards recommend the sterilization of high-risk endoscopes when possible and provide new recommendations for the precleaning, leak testing, manual cleaning, visual inspection, automated reprocessing, drying, storage, and transport of endoscopes.
Methods: ANSI/AAMI ST91:2021 was compared with ANSI/AAMI ST91:2015 for major reprocessing differences that result in either time and/or cost increases.
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