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Endocrine Hormones and Their Impact on Pubertal Gynecomastia.
J Clin Med
December 2024
Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China.
Pubertal gynecomastia (PG) is a common condition characterized by the abnormal development and hyperplasia of unilateral or bilateral breast tissue in adolescent males, affecting up to 50% of appropriately aged adolescents and exhibiting rising prevalence over recent years. The etiology of PG is multifaceted, encompassing physiological, pharmacological, and pathological factors. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from a comprehensive selection of peer-reviewed literature, including observational studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and case reports, to explore the pivotal role of endocrine hormones in the pathogenesis of PG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone Disease Associated with Inactivating Aromatase Mutations and its Management.
Calcif Tissue Int
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria Alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Aromatase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CYP19A1 gene, affecting both males and females, with an incidence of less than 1 in 1,000,000.
- In females, symptoms typically present at birth or in early infancy, focusing on sexual development, while in males, issues usually emerge during or after puberty, leading to delayed diagnosis.
- The paper reviews the skeletal and extraskeletal effects of the condition and discusses strategies for managing bone health in individuals with these mutations.
Finerenone: a breakthrough mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Egypt Heart J
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
Background: Aldosterone is categorized as a mineralocorticoid hormone produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone has considerable action in sodium and water retention along with cardiac remodeling, promoting fibrosis and these detrimental effects have been counteracted by mineralocorticoid receptors antagonists over time. Spironolactone, a non-selective steroidal MRA used extensively is potent but has serious adverse effects like gynecomastia and hyperkalemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground and objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Both phenotypical and biochemical changes in gonadal hormones are observed across these stages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal abnormalities in patients with varying degrees of ALD and to assess their correlation with disease severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong term effects of aromatase inhibitor treatment in patients with aromatase excess syndrome.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to excessive conversion of androgens to estrogens, causing issues like gynecomastia and delayed puberty in males, and fewer cases reported in females.
- A family study revealed that all four members with AEXS shared a specific genetic deletion, and the long-term use of aromatase inhibitors like letrozole improved symptoms such as accelerated growth and gynecomastia.
- Treatment outcomes varied among family members: significant gains in adult height and reduction of gynecomastia were noted in the male patients, while the female sibling experienced normal puberty development and growth with a combination of therapies.*
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