There are well-known traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Among them, smoking is one of the most prominent and modifiable risk factors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of smoking as a risk factor for CAD in the Nepalese population. A hospital-based age- and sex-matched case-control study was carried out with a total of 612 respondents. Bivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CAD in ex-smokers and current smokers was higher (odds ratio (OR): 1.81 (confidence interval (CI): 1.21-2.7) and OR: 5.2 (CI: 3.4-7.97)), with -values less than 0.004 and <0.00001, respectively, compared to the risk in never smokers. From stratified socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic, behavioural and psychosocial risk factor analysis, smoking was found to be associated with CAD in almost all subgroups. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, adjustment for socio-demographic, cardio-metabolic and psychosocial risk factors showed a steady increase in risk. However, further adjustment for behavioural risk factors (alcohol use and physical activity) showed that the risk was attenuated by 59% in current smokers. After adjusting for the covariates, current smokers and ex-smokers had an increased risk of CAD (OR: 6.64, 95% CI: 3.64-12.12, < 0.00001; OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08-3.31, < 0.012, respectively) compared with non-smokers. In conclusion, smoking was found to increase the risk of CAD in the Nepalese population.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762006 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tx00083f | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effect of Guiding Catheter Extubation During Physiological Assesment of Stenosis.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Background: Extubation of the coronary guiding catheter may affect flow and pressure measurements in the coronary vessel during invasive coronary angiography (ICA).
Aim: This study aims to investigate the impact of guiding catheter extubation on fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFR), and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR).
Methods: This predefined subgroup analysis of the Dan-NICAD 2 study included patients with chronic coronary syndrome referred to ICA based on a coronary computed tomography angiography.
Hyperactivity in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: An Invisible Killer for Anxiety and/or Depression in Coronary Artherosclerotic Heart Disease.
J Integr Neurosci
December 2024
First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046 Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
The coexistence of anxiety or depression with coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant clinical challenge in cardiovascular medicine. Recent studies have indicated that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity could be a promising focus in understanding and addressing the development of treatments for comorbid CHD and anxiety or depression. The HPA axis helps to regulate the levels of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing oxidative stress damage, promoting platelet activation, and stabilizing gut microbiota, which enhance the survival and regeneration of neurons, endothelial cells, and other cell types, leading to neuroprotective and cardioprotective benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMidterm Outcomes of Right Anterior Mini Thoracotomy Aortic Valve Replacement.
CJC Open
December 2024
Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Background: Contemporary surgical approaches for aortic valve replacement (AVR) include full median sternotomy, hemi-sternotomy, and a right anterior mini thoracotomy (RAMT) approach. We report the midterm outcomes of RAMT for isolated AVR.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, reporting the midterm outcomes of patients who underwent isolated RAMT AVR.
Prediction of postoperative stroke in patients experienced coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a machine learning approach.
Front Cardiovasc Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery has been a widely accepted method for treating coronary artery disease. However, its postoperative complications can have a significant effect on long-term patient outcomes. A retrospective study was conducted to identify before and after surgery that contribute to postoperative stroke in patients undergoing CABG, and to develop predictive models and recommendations for single-factor thresholds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElevated systemic immune-inflammatory index predicts poor coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion.
Front Cardiovasc Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Objective: This study compared the value of different systemic immune-inflammatory markers for evaluating coronary collateralization (CC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic total occlusion (CTO).
Methods: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) were calculated at admission in 1409 T2DM patients with CTO. The degree of coronary collaterals was estimated using the Rentrop scoring system and categorized into poor (Rentrop score 0 or 1) or good (Rentrop score 2 or 3) CC.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!