AI Article Synopsis
- Erythropoietin (EPO) is known for its role in producing red blood cells, but it also has various other functions like protecting nerve cells, reducing cell death, fighting oxidative stress, aiding blood vessel formation, and modulating immune responses.
- EPO works with two types of receptors: the homodimer, which drives red blood cell production, and the heterodimer, linked to its additional protective effects.
- New drugs that focus on the heterodimer receptor are being developed to improve organ transplant survival without the side effects of increasing red blood cell levels, which can lead to complications.
Article Abstract
Over the past two decades it has emerged that, in addition to erythropoietic activity, erythropoietin (EPO) has numerous other functions, including neuro-protective, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, angiogenetic and immunomodulatory ones. EPO interacts with two different forms of its receptor (EPOR): a homodimer receptor, responsible for the erythropoietic effects, and a heterodimer receptor, responsible for the non-erythropoietic effects. The effects on the heterodimer receptor are responsible for EPO-induced prolongation of organ transplant survival in mice and humans. The development of new molecules that selectively target the heterodimer EPOR is allowing to test the effect of long-term treatments, without the possible complications related to the increased hematocrit.
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