[SURGICAL RESIDENCY IN THE ERA OF RESTRICTED WORKING HOURS].

Post-Graduate Medical Education in the surgical professions, as in other medical professions as well, has gone through an organizational revolution during the past 10-15 years. Catalyzers of this change were the information revolution, technological changes, life-work balance needs of residents, legalization of the medical system and different duty hours' restrictions that followed. These changes require rethinking traditional Post-Graduate Medical Education and adaptation of teaching methods, quality measurement methods, new definition of program director's role and more. In this article we review these changes as they appear in updated literature and the significance of the changes in the Israeli health system since the last physicians' bargaining agreement of 2011.