The use of anion redox reactions is gaining interest for increasing rechargeable capacities in alkaline ion batteries. Although anion redox coupling of S and (S) through dimerization of S-S in sulfides have been studied and reported, an anion redox process through electron hole formation has not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report an O3-NaCrTiS cathode that delivers a high reversible capacity of ~186 mAh g (0.95 Na) based on the cation and anion redox process. Various charge compensation mechanisms of the sulfur anionic redox process in layered NaCrTiS, which occur through the formation of disulfide-like species, the precipitation of elemental sulfur, S-S dimerization, and especially through the formation of electron holes, are investigated. Direct structural evidence for formation of electron holes and (S) species with shortened S-S distances is obtained. These results provide valuable information for the development of materials based on the anionic redox reaction.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12310-6 | DOI Listing |
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