Aims: To add a spore germination step in order to reduce decontamination temperature and time requirements compared to the current hot, humid air decontamination parameters, which are 75-80°C, ≥72 h, 70-90% RH, down to ≤60°C and ≤24 h total decontamination time.
Methods And Results: Bacillus anthracis spore germination with l-alanine+inosine+calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA) was quantified at 0-40°C, several time points and spore concentrations of 5-9 log per ml. Germination efficiency at 0-40°C was >99% at <8 log spores per ml. The temperature optimum was 20°C. Germination efficiency was significantly higher but slower at 0°C compared to ≥30°C at ≥8 log spores per ml. A single germinant application followed by 60°C, 1-h treatment consistently inactivated >2 log (>99%) of spores. However, a repeat application of germinant was needed to achieve the objective of ≥6 log spore inactivation out of a 7 log challenge (≥99·9999%) for ≤24 h total decontamination time for nylon and aircraft performance coating.
Conclusions: l-alanine+inosine+CaDPA stimulated germination across wide temperature and spore concentration ranges.
Significance And Impact Of The Study: Germination expands the scope of spore decontamination to include materials from any industry sector that can be sprayed with an aqueous germinant solution.
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Article Synopsis
- Bacterial spores can stay dormant for years but can germinate when conditions are right, involving complex signal pathways.
- Recent studies have revealed details about proteins crucial for this process, particularly the GerA receptor and SpoVAF/FigP complex, which help with ion release.
- The research also highlights how spore quality impacts germination, focusing on proteins involved in sporulation and factors like glutamate breakdown and coat protein assembly, enhancing our understanding of the germination mechanism.
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