Nitrogen Speciation and Isotopic Composition of Aerosols Collected at Himalayan Forest (3326 m a.s.l.): Seasonality, Sources, and Implications.

Nitrogenous aerosols are ubiquitous in the environment and thus play a vital role in the nutrient balance as well as the Earth's climate system. However, their abundance, sources, and deposition are poorly understood, particularly in the fragile and ecosensitive Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) region. Here, we report concentrations of nitrogen species and isotopic composition (δN) in aerosol samples collected from a forest site in the HTP (i.e., Southeast Tibet). Our results revealed that both organic and inorganic nitrogen contribute almost equally with high abundance of ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) and water-insoluble organic nitrogen (WION), contributing ∼40% each to aerosol total nitrogen (TN). The concentrations and δN exhibit a significant seasonality with ∼2 times higher in winter than in summer with no significant diurnal variations for any species. Moreover, winter aerosols mainly originated from biomass burning emissions from North India and East Pakistan and reached the HTP through a long-range atmospheric transport. The TN dry deposition and total deposition fluxes were 2.04 kg ha yr and 6.12 kg ha yr respectively. Our results demonstrate that the air contamination from South Asia reach the HTP and is most likely impacting the high altitude ecosystems in an accepted scenario of increasing emissions over South Asia.