AI Article Synopsis
- TRIM21 is an important immune protein that acts as a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor, detecting and responding to virus-infected cells.
- Upon binding to antibody-coated viruses, TRIM21 triggers a response that inhibits viral replication and promotes an antiviral cell state, regulated by mechanisms like auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation.
- It has potential therapeutic implications in gene therapy and neurodegenerative disorders and can also be used as a research tool for protein depletion in various models.
Article Abstract
Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor that provides a last line of defense against invading viruses. It does so by acting as a sensor that intercepts antibody-coated viruses that have evaded extracellular neutralization and breached the cell membrane. Upon engagement of the Fc of antibodies bound to viruses, TRIM21 triggers a coordinated effector and signaling response that prevents viral replication while at the same time inducing an anti-viral cellular state. This dual effector function is tightly regulated by auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Therapeutically, TRIM21 has been shown to be detrimental in adenovirus based gene therapy, while it may be favorably utilized to prevent tau aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, TRIM21 may synergize with the complement system to block viral replication as well as transgene expression. TRIM21 can also be utilized as a research tool to deplete specific proteins in cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we review our current biological understanding of TRIM21 in light of its versatile functions.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6722209 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02049 | DOI Listing |
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