Previously, a novel cell type, the multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) was identified in the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae. These cells share several features with mammalian multinucleated giant cells, a syncytium of macrophages formed during granulomatous inflammation. We were able to show that MGHs also differentiate in Zaprionus indianus, an invasive species belonging to the vittiger subgroup of the family, highly resistant to a large number of parasitoid wasp species. We have classified the MGHs of Z. indianusas giant hemocytes belonging to a class of cells which also include elongated blood cells carrying a single nucleus and anuclear structures. They are involved in encapsulating parasites, originate from the lymph gland, can develop by cell fusion, and generally carry many nuclei, while possessing an elaborated system of canals and sinuses, resulting in a spongiform appearance. Their nuclei are all transcriptionally active and show accretion of genetic material. Multinucleation and accumulation of the genetic material in the giant hemocytes represents a two-stage amplification of the genome, while their spongy ultrastructure substantially increases the contact surface with the extracellular space. These features may furnish the giant hemocytes with a considerable metabolic advantage, hence contributing to the mechanism of the effective immune response.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502646 | DOI Listing |
Pathogens
October 2024
Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
is a metastrongyloid lungworm causing severe cardiovascular disease in domestic and wild animals. During its heteroxenous life cycle, requires obligate gastropod intermediate hosts. Little is known about larval organ tropism and development in gastropod intermediate hosts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Aquat Anim Health
June 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Objective: We sought to identify and characterize an immune deficiency (IMD) homolog from the giant freshwater prawn (also known as the giant river prawn) Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The IMD is a death-domain-containing protein that plays a crucial role as an adaptor protein in the IMD pathway-one of the most important response mechanisms to viral and bacterial invasion of invertebrates.
Methods: An IMD homolog gene from M.
Cells
March 2024
Innate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Coevolution of hosts and their parasites has shaped heterogeneity of effector hemocyte types, providing immune defense reactions with variable effectiveness. In this work, we characterize hemocytes of , a species that has evolved a cellular immune system with extensive variation and a high degree of plasticity. Monoclonal antibodies were raised and used in indirect immunofluorescence experiments to characterize hemocyte subpopulations, follow their functional features and differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2024
Innate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
Background: Insects have specialized cell types that participate in the elimination of parasites, for instance, the lamellocytes of the broadly studied species . Other drosophilids, such as and the invasive , have multinucleated giant hemocytes, a syncytium of blood cells that participate in the encapsulation of the eggs or larvae of parasitoid wasps. These cells can be formed by the fusion of hemocytes in circulation or originate from the lymph gland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
July 2023
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
As one of the 100 most-threatening invasive alien species, the giant African snail () has successfully invaded and established itself in most areas of southern China. Protection against recurrent pathogen infections is vital to biological invasion. Enhanced immune protection has been previously found in other invertebrates, but not in the unique immune system of the giant African snail.
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