AI Article Synopsis
- Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains bioactive gypenosides that show potential in protecting dopaminergic neurons from cell death in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD).
- Oral administration of an ethanol extract from G. pentaphyllum (GP-EX) improved neurological function and reduced harmful effects of α-synuclein overexpression in transgenic mouse models designed to study PD.
- The study suggests that GP-EX could be a promising treatment for neuronal degeneration associated with PD, and further research is warranted to confirm its efficacy.
Article Abstract
Gynostemma (G.) pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae) contains various bioactive gypenosides. Ethanol extract from G. pentaphyllum (GP-EX) has been shown to have ameliorative effects on the death of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- and 6-hydroxydopamine. PD patients exhibit multiple symptoms, so PD-related research should combine neurotoxin models with genetic models. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of GP-EX, including gypenosides, on the cell death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain of A53T α-synuclein transgenic mouse models of PD (A53T). Both GP-EX and gypenosides at 50 mg/kg per day were orally administered to the A53T mice for 20 weeks. α-Synuclein-immunopositive cells and α-synuclein phosphorylation were increased in the midbrain of A53T mice, which was reduced following treatment with GP-EX. Treatment with GP-EX modulated the reduced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) at Ser112, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) due to α-synuclein overexpression. In the A53T group, GP-EX treatment prolonged the latency of the step-through passive avoidance test and shortened the transfer latency of the elevated plus maze test. Gypenosides treatment exhibited the effects and efficacy similar to those of GP-EX. Taken together, GP-EX, including gypenosides, has ameliorative effects on dopaminergic neuronal cell death due to the overexpression of α-synuclein by modulating ERK1/2, Bad at Ser112, and JNK1/2 signaling in the midbrain of A53T mouse model of PD. Further studies are needed to investigate GP-EX as a treatment for neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including PD. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Chungbuk National University (approval No. CBNUA-956-16-01) on September 21, 2016.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6905327 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.265557 | DOI Listing |
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