AI Article Synopsis
- The study assesses various in vitro methods to evaluate how accessible lead (Pb) is from fine particles inhaled from aged soils, focusing on the inhalation risk assessment of heavy metals.
- Experiments with mice showed that lead primarily accumulates in organs like the liver and kidneys after exposure to these particles.
- The research found that an optimized Gamble Solution was effective in correlating in vitro lead bioaccessibility with in vivo bioavailability, suggesting its use for better risk-based assessments of inhalation exposure to heavy metals.
Article Abstract
In order to assess and optimize frequently used in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility procedures for heavy metals in the inhalation risk assessment, in vivo inhalation bioavailability of Pb in simulated atmosphere fine particles (PM) from aging soils spiked with lead compounds and field soils in lead-zinc mining areas was investigated via intranasally instilled experiments with these PM suspensions to mice and Pb bioaccessibility was extracted by using four frequently used in vitro procedures (Gamble Solution, simulated lung fluid, simulated epithelial lung fluid and artificial lysosomal fluid). Mouse exposure experiments showed that Pb was mainly distributed in the liver, kidneys, blood and spleen. Based on the kidney model, in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of Pb extracted with optimized Gamble Solution, in which solid to liquid ratio (S/L) was optimized to 1:1000 g ml and DTPA was proved to be the key effective component, showed a strong linear relationship with its in vivo inhalation bioavailability (y = 1.07x - 3.86, R = 0.73). Moreover, in vitro bioaccessible and bioavailable fractions of Pb were mainly from acid exchangeable and reducible fractions of Pb in PM. Altogether, optimized Gamble Solution was suggested for the analysis of in vitro bioaccessibility for risk-based assessments.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121202 | DOI Listing |
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