Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important role in the innate immune system. They are of particular interest for their role in elimination of intracellular pathogens, viral infection and tumor cells. As such, numerous strategies are being investigated in order to potentiate their functions. One of these techniques aims at promoting the function of their activating receptors. However, different observations have revealed that providing activation signals could actually be counterproductive and lead to NK cells' hyporesponsiveness. This phenomenon can occur during the NK cell education process, under pathological conditions, but also after treatment with different agents, including cytokines, that are promising tools to boost NK cell function. In this review, we aim to highlight the different circumstances where NK cells become hyporesponsive and the methods that could be used to restore their functionality.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184514 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.
Immune evasion strategies of Brucella, the etiologic agent of brucellosis, a global zoonosis, remain partially understood. The omentum, a tertiary lymphoid organ part of visceral adipose tissue, has never been explored as a Brucella reservoir. We report that B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Pharmacol Transl Sci
January 2025
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
Erythroferrone (ERFE) has emerged as a potential biomarker for the erythropoiesis response following recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment. While the association between ERFE and hemoglobin (HGB) response to rHuEPO is well-established in nonanemic conditions, such correlation and ERFE kinetics in anemic states remain unclear. We employed two rat models of anemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia and chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA), to determine ERFE kinetics and its correlation with HGB responses after rHuEPO administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-cho 36-1, Yonago 683-8504, Tottori, Japan.
Background/objectives: Renal anemia is one of the major complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used; however, some patients exhibit resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have emerged as a novel treatment for renal anemia, enhancing erythropoiesis and iron metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vivo
December 2024
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea;
Background/aim: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in inflammatory responses by regulating the activity of various immune cells. M2 macrophages induced by IL-10 and TGF-β exhibit anti-inflammatory functions and induce Treg differentiation. Although the beneficial effects of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) on various diseases have been widely reported, the mechanisms, through which it alleviates allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) via Tregs and macrophages, are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México MX 04510, Mexico.
The use of peptides for cancer immunotherapy is a promising and emerging approach that is being intensively explored worldwide. One such peptide, GK-1, has been shown to delay the growth of triple-negative breast tumors in mice, reduce their metastatic capacity, and reverse the intratumor immunosuppression that characterizes this model. Herein, it is demonstrated that GK-1 is taken up by bone marrow dendritic cells in a dose-dependent manner 15 min after exposure, more efficiently at 37 °C than at 4 °C, implying an entrance into the cells by energy-independent and -dependent processes through clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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