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The macroscopic mechanical response of polymers can be traced down to the microscale physics of the network by using a statistical approach for the description of the configuration state of the polymer chains. In this paper we present a micromechanical model to capture the macroscopic behavior of polymers by tracking the evolution of a distribution function describing chain configurations, more specifically the statistics of the end-to-end distance on the network chains. Damage, manifested in the softening and hysteresis under cyclic loading, is accounted for through the scission of chains, whose occurrence is evaluated on the basis of the probability of failure, also settled in the configuration space. The proposed micromechanical model can easily accommodate also the mechanics of dynamic network with reversible cross-links, thereby providing a general and physics-based approach to the study of polymers and polymer-like materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01052 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Static friction, a ubiquitous physical phenomenon, plays a significant role in natural processes and industrial applications. Its influence is particularly notable in the field of controlled micromanipulation and precision manufacturing, where static friction often exceeds kinetic friction and leads to material damage and unpredictable behaviors. In this study, we report the first experimental observation of the elimination of static friction peak in sliding micrometer contacts of layered materials, achieved through a technique involving selective etching of the amorphous edges of single crystalline surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Biomater
December 2024
UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address:
Microneedle patches (MNs) hold enormous potential to facilitate the minimally-invasive delivery of drugs and vaccines transdermally. However, the micro-mechanics of skin deformation significantly influence the permeation of therapeutics through the skin. Previous studies often fail to appreciate the complexities in microneedle-skin mechanical interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK.
To investigate the micro-mechanism of the erosion of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H gel) in a sulfate environment, a solid-liquid molecular dynamics model of C-S-H gel/sodium sulfate was developed. This model employs molecular dynamics methods to simulate the transport processes between C-S-H gel and corrosive ions at concentrations of 5%, 8%, and 10% sodium sulfate (NaSO), aiming to elucidate the interaction mechanism between sulfate and C-S-H gel. The micro-morphology of the eroded samples was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721016, China.
CrCoNi medium-entropy alloys (MEAs), characterised by their high configurational entropies, have become a research hotspot in materials science. Recent studies have indicated that MEAs exhibit short-range order (SRO), which affects their deformation mechanisms. In this study, the micro-mechanisms of SRO within the framework of mesoscale continuum mechanics are mathematically evaluated using an advanced, non-local crystal plasticity constitutive framework.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
The interfacial interactions between the enhanced nanoscale components and the polymer matrix, as well as the photopolymerization behavior of the composite system, are of paramount importance to the quality and performance of photo-curable nanocomposites. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a novel class of green reinforcing materials, are anticipated to facilitate the development of high-performance applications of advanced functional materials. Herein, the promoting and enhancing effects of modified CNCs on photo-curable nanocomposites are studied.
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