The present study investigated the efficacy of microwave photo-oxidation (MWPO) process with two oxidants i.e. persulphate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) for degradation of Congo red (CR). The result indicated a CR degradation efficiency of 98% and 96.8% with PS and HO, respectively, in 30 min of reaction with corresponding PS dosage of 50 mg/L and HO dosage of 180 mg/L. The COD removal efficiency with the two oxidants were 97.7% and 94.9%, respectively. Higher dosages of oxidant and CR reduced the efficiency of the process in both the cases due to self-quenching. Effect of pH and initial CR concentration on CR removal efficiency also has been studied. Degradation of CR followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a removal rate constant of 0.12/min and 0.09/min, respectively, with PS and HO. The main mechanism of CR degradation was cleavage of the benzene-benzene bond, cleavage of benzene-N bond and hydroxylation. Economic analysis of the MWPO process indicated an energy consumption of 18.3 kWh/g of CR removal and 18.4 kWh/g of COD removal. The process was effective in the rapid degradation and mineralization of high concentration of CR within 30 min.
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