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SGLT2 expression in human vasculature and heart correlates with low-grade inflammation and causes eNOS-NO/ROS imbalance.

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Translational Cardiovascular Medicine UR 3074, FMTS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg 67084, France.

Aims: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show a cardioprotective effect in heart failure and myocardial infarction, pathologies often associated with low-grade inflammation. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether low-grade inflammation regulates SGLT2 expression and function in human vasculature, heart, and endothelial cells (ECs).

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Hemodynamic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with and Without Diabetes Mellitus-A Narrative Review.

Healthcare (Basel)

December 2024

Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 December 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania.

: The current review aims to present the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) on several hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure, filtration pressure at the level of the glomerular capillaries, and the improvement of the preload and afterload of heart muscle. In order to stop chronic kidney disease (CKD) from progressing, SGLT2 inhibitors have become an important disease-modifying treatment. : Recent clinical studies have shown the success of these drugs in treating heart failure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalization, and mortality.

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Background: Sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have transformed heart failure (HF) treatment, offering sympatholytic effects whose mechanisms are not fully understood. Our previous studies identified Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-derived neuroinflammation in the Subfornical organ (SFO) as a promoter of sympathoexcitation, worsening myocardial remodeling in HF. This research explored the role of central SGLT2 in inducing endothelial cGAS-driven neuroinflammation in the SFO during HF and assessed the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on this process.

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Article Synopsis
  • Empagliflozin may reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by preventing the loss of retinal pericytes, but its effectiveness compared to DPP4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established.
  • A study was conducted using U.S. insurance claims data from 2014 to 2019, focusing on adults with T2D who were newly prescribed either empagliflozin or a DPP4 inhibitor, and looking at the incidence of nonproliferative DR and its progression.
  • Results showed that among matched patient pairs, empagliflozin's impact on the rates of incident DR and progression was analyzed, with significant data collected over an average
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