Purpose: There has been interest in recent work in using computational fluid dynamics with Lagrangian analysis to calculate the trajectory of emboli-like particles in the vasculature. While previous studies have provided an understanding of the hemodynamic factors determining the fates of such particles and their relationship to risk of stroke, most analyses have relied on a particle equation of motion that assumes the particle is "small" e.g., much less than the diameter of the vessel. This work quantifies the limit when a particle can no longer be considered "small".
Methods: The motion of embolus-like particles are simulated using an overset mesh technique. This allows the fluid stresses on the particle surface to be fully resolved. Consequently, the particles can be of arbitrary size or shape. The trajectory of resolved particles and "small" particles are simulated through a patient-specific carotid artery bifurcation model with particles 500, 1000, and 2000 μm in diameter. The proportions of particles entering the internal carotid artery are treated as the outcome of the particle fate, and statistical comparisons are made to ascertain the importance of non-small particle effects.
Results: For the 2000 μm embolus, the proportion of particles traveling to the internal carotid artery is 74.7 ± 1.3% (mean ± 95% confidence margin) for the "small" particle model and is 85.7 ± 5.4% for a resolved particle model. The difference is statistically significant, [Formula: see text], based on the binomial test for the particle outcomes. No statistically discernible differences are found for the smaller diameter particles.
Conclusions: Quantitative differences are observable for the 2000 μm trajectories between the "small" and resolved particle models which is a particle diameter 27% relative to the common carotid artery diameter. A fully resolved particle model ought to be considered for emboli trajectory simulations when the particle size ratio is ≳ 20%.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13239-019-00430-5 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Nanosuspension Innovations: Expanding Horizons in Drug Delivery Techniques.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Nanosuspensions (NS), with their submicron particle sizes and unique physicochemical properties, provide a versatile solution for enhancing the administration of medications that are not highly soluble in water or lipids. This review highlights recent advancements, future prospects, and challenges in NS-based drug delivery, particularly for oral, ocular, transdermal, pulmonary, and parenteral routes. The conversion of oral NS into powders, pellets, granules, tablets, and capsules, and their incorporation into film dosage forms to address stability concerns is thoroughly reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGravelSens: A Smart Gravel Sensor for High-Resolution, Non-Destructive Monitoring of Clogging Dynamics.
Sensors (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Engineers, geomorphologists, and ecologists acknowledge the need for temporally and spatially resolved measurements of sediment clogging (also known as colmation) in permeable gravel-bed rivers due to its adverse impacts on water and habitat quality. In this paper, we present a novel method for non-destructive, real-time measurements of pore-scale sediment deposition and monitoring of clogging by using wire-mesh sensors (WMSs) embedded in spheres, forming a smart gravel bed (GravelSens). The measuring principle is based on one-by-one voltage excitation of transmitter electrodes, followed by simultaneous measurements of the resulting current by receiver electrodes at each crossing measuring pores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancing neutron imaging techniques to highest resolution with fluorescent nuclear track detectors.
Sci Rep
January 2025
High Energy Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
Neutron imaging is a nondestructive and noninvasive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. However, the fundamentals of this technique still need to be improved, one of which involves achieving micrometer scale or even better resolution, which is a challenging task. Recently, a high-resolution neutron imaging device based on fine-grained nuclear emulsions was developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssembly and architecture of endogenous NMDA receptors in adult cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
Cell
January 2025
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. Electronic address:
The cerebral cortex and hippocampus are crucial brain regions for learning and memory, which depend on activity-induced synaptic plasticity involving N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). However, subunit assembly and molecular architecture of endogenous NMDARs (eNMDARs) in the brain remain elusive. Using conformation- and subunit-dependent antibodies, we purified eNMDARs from adult rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehavior and fate of ITER-like tungsten nanoparticles in freshwater ecosystems produced during operation and maintenance.
J Hazard Mater
January 2025
CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INRAE, Aix-en-Provence, France; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
Within the ITER project (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) an international project building a magnetic confinement device to achieve fusion as a sustainable energy source, tungsten (W) is planned to serve as a plasma-facing component (PFC) in the tokamak, a magnetic confinement device used to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power. Post plasma-W interactions, submicron tungsten particles can be released. This study investigated the exposure of lentic freshwater ecosystems to ITER-like tungsten nanoparticles in indoor aquatic mesocosms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!