The azygos vein (AV) system is considered a venous system which displays great variability in its formation and course. Especially, regarding the origin of the AV system, the international literature describes mostly the union of the ascending lumbar with the subcostal veins, though other origins are documented as well. The current study displays an abnormal origin of the azygos system, which to the best of our knowledge has never been described before.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5068 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Arginase (ARG) is a binuclear manganese-containing metalloenzyme that can convert L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea and plays a key role in the urea cycle. It also mediates different cellular functions and processes such as proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory responses in various cell types. In mammals, there are two isoenzymes, ARG-1 and ARG-2; they are functionally similar, but their coding genes, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and molecular regulation are distinct.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Fasting hyperlipidemia results from lipid metabolism defects associated with alterations in specific lipoprotein classes. These changes may originate from genetic predispositions or underlying metabolic disorders, including cholestasis and endocrine diseases. This retrospective study aimed to analyze variations in lipoprotein electrophoresis (LPE) profiles in hyperlipidemic dogs and investigate the associations between biliary tract diseases, endocrine disorders, and lipid metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can be transmitted by infectious protein particles, PrPs, encoded by the endogenous prion protein gene (). The origin of prion seeds is unclear, especially in non-human hosts, and this identification is pivotal to preventing the spread of prion diseases from host animals. Recently, an abnormally high amyloid propensity in prion proteins (PrPs) was found in a frog, of which the genetic variations in the gene have not been investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
January 2025
Innovative Oncology Research and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan.
Liquid biopsy methods have gained prominence as minimally invasive tools to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer valuable insights into both primary and metastatic lesions. However, validating the CTC test results requires confirmation that the detected cells originate from cancer tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Eye Res
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China. Electronic address:
The periocular mesenchyme (POM) gives rise to key structures in the ocular anterior segment, and its malformation leads to anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) with iridocorneal angle (ICA) abnormalities. However, the transcriptional profile of the POM and the regulatory mechanisms governing cell-fate decision during anterior eye and ICA development remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive time-series analysis by sequencing rat anterior ocular samples collected at five consecutive perinatal stages: embryonic days 16.
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