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Technological Adjuncts to Streamline Patient Recruitment, Informed Consent, and Data Management Processes in Clinical Research: Observational Study.
JMIR Form Res
January 2025
Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
Background: Patient recruitment and data management are laborious, resource-intensive aspects of clinical research that often dictate whether the successful completion of studies is possible. Technological advances present opportunities for streamlining these processes, thus improving completion rates for clinical research studies.
Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate how technological adjuncts can enhance clinical research processes via automation and digital integration.
Diagnostic Decision-Making Variability Between Novice and Expert Optometrists for Glaucoma: Comparative Analysis to Inform AI System Design.
JMIR Med Inform
January 2025
Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Background: While expert optometrists tend to rely on a deep understanding of the disease and intuitive pattern recognition, those with less experience may depend more on extensive data, comparisons, and external guidance. Understanding these variations is important for developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can effectively support optometrists with varying degrees of experience and minimize decision inconsistencies.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the variations in diagnostic decision-making approaches between novice and expert optometrists.
Link to Densify: Topological Transitions and Origin of Hysteresis During the Compression and Decompression of Amorphous Ices.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
BM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom.
In this Letter, we study the phase transition between amorphous ices and the nature of the hysteresis cycle separating them. We discover that a topological transition takes place as the system transforms from low-density amorphous ice (LDA) at low pressures to high-density amorphous ice (HDA) at high pressures. Specifically, we uncover that the hydrogen bond network (HBN) displays qualitatively different topologies in the LDA and HDA phases: the former characterized by disentangled loop motifs, with the latter displaying topologically complex long-lived Hopf-linked and knotted configurations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Counseling on Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Weight: A Secondary Analysis of the BP-CATCH Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Importance: Pediatric obesity and hypertension are highly correlated. To mitigate both conditions, provision of counseling on nutrition, lifestyle, and weight to children with high blood pressure (BP) measurements is recommended.
Objective: To examine racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of nutrition, lifestyle, and weight counseling among patients with high BP at pediatric primary care visits stratified by patients' weight status.
Health Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).
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