AI Article Synopsis
- Heterakidosis is a common parasitic infection in domestic birds caused by different Heterakis species, with H. gallinarum prevalent in gallinaceous birds and H. dispar in waterfowl, yet their phylogenetic relationships were previously unclear due to insufficient genetic data for H. dispar.
- The authors collected molecular data on H. dispar by analyzing the 18S rRNA gene and ITS sequences, revealing distinct size differences compared to H. gallinarum and identifying high similarities with related species through BLAST analysis.
- This study represents a pioneering effort towards reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among Heterakoidea based on 18S rDNA and ITS data, contributing to the understanding of these parasitic infections.
Article Abstract
Purpose: Heterakidosis is a common parasitic infection caused in domestic birds by Heterakis species: Heterakis gallinarum, H. isolonche, and H. dispar. Among them, the best described species is H. gallinarum, noted mainly in gallinaceous birds. In waterfowl, H. dispar is the predominant species. The variations in morphology and host specificity qualify H. dispar as a different species, but the phylogenetic relationships between heterakids were unclear for a long time, because of a lack of H. dispar sequences.
Methods: The authors provided the molecular data for H. dispar and analyzed the obtained sequences of the partial 18S rRNA gene and region ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 with the homological sequences.
Results: The 18S rRNA PCR product of H. dispar was about 800 bp, and the ITS-5.8S-ITS2 PCR product was about 920 bp, noticeably smaller size compared to H. gallinarum product. The BLAST analysis of H. dispar 18S sequence showed a 99% similarity with the sequences of Heterakis gallinarum and Ascaridia galli, 98% with A. nymphii, but only 94% with the sequence of Heterakis sp. Our ITS sequence of H. dispar was almost identical to the H. isolonche isolate, there is only one nucleotide of difference among the 943 sites analyzed. It also showed a lower similarity to the ITS sequences of H. gallinarum (88%), H. spumosa (87%), and H. dahomensis (87%).
Conclusions: In our phylogenetic analysis, it is the first attempt at the reconstruction of relationships within this superfamily Heterakoidea based on 18S rDNA and ITS region.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6908560 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00112-1 | DOI Listing |
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