-Glycosylation of the voltage-gated sodium channel β2 subunit is required for efficient trafficking of Na1.5/β2 to the plasma membrane.

The voltage-gated sodium channel is critical for cardiomyocyte function and consists of a protein complex comprising a pore-forming α subunit and two associated β subunits. It has been shown previously that the associated β2 subunits promote cell surface expression of the α subunit. The major α isoform in the adult human heart is Na1.5, and germline mutations in the Na1.5-encoding gene, sodium voltage-gated channel α subunit 5 (), often cause inherited arrhythmias. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate β2 trafficking and how they may determine proper Na1.5 cell surface localization. Using heterologous expression in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we show that β2 is -glycosylated and at residues 42, 66, and 74, becoming sialylated only at Asn-42. We found that fully nonglycosylated β2 was mostly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that -linked glycosylation is required for efficient β2 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane. The nonglycosylated variant reached the cell surface by bypassing the Golgi compartment at a rate of only approximately one-third of that of WT β2. YFP-tagged, nonglycosylated β2 displayed mobility kinetics in the plane of the membrane similar to that of WT β2. However, it was defective in promoting surface localization of Na1.5. Interestingly, β2 with a single intact glycosylation site was as effective as the WT in promoting Na1.5 surface localization. In conclusion, our results indicate that -linked glycosylation of β2 is required for surface localization of Na1.5, a property that is often defective in inherited cardiac arrhythmias.