[The phenotypic and functional characteristics of cells of inherent and adaptive immunity of newborns of various gestation age.].

During last years, a large number of studies related to investigation of development of immune system at early stages of ontogenesis are directed to expansion of concepts of mechanisms of inherent and adaptive immunity in premature newborns. However, discrepancy in publication data and absence of accurate conceptions about condition of immune system in children of various gestation age determine actuality of further investigation of this problem. The study was carried out to establish characteristics of phenotypic and functional characteristics of cells of inherent and adaptive immunity. The sampling included newborns of various gestation age: group I - 22-27 weeks (n=15), group II - 28-32 weeks (n=29), group III - 33-36 weeks (n=25), group IV - 37-41 weeks (n=25). The number of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD95+CD3+, CD45RO+CD3+, CD45RA+CD3-) and monocytes (HLA-DR+CD14+, CD282+CD14+, CD4+IFNγ+, CD4+IL4+) was detected using flow cytofluorometry technique. It is established that capacity of monocytes to discern patterns of pathogenicity of microorganisms is developed in children to gestation age of 22 weeks. The characteristic of children of gestation age of 22-27 weeks is deficiency of processes of presentation of antigen and proliferative activity of specific clones of lymphocytes associated with increased spontaneous production of intracellulary cytokines (IFN-γ+ и IL-4+) by regulative CD4+-cells. At reaching gestation age of 28 weeks, the percentage content of activated monocytes, main populations of T-lymphocytes and number of cytokines-producing cells correspond to age of full-term child. The received data dictate necessity of implementation of further investigations directed to establishment of age normative values of indices of immunity of full-term children.